Compare Carbon vs Boron: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Carbon and Boron on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Carbon and Boron comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Carbon vs Boron with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare C vs B on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Carbon and Boron.
Carbon and Boron Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Carbon (C) and Boron (B), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 6 | 5 |
| Atomic Symbol | C | B |
| Atomic Weight | 12.0107 | 10.811 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Black | Black |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 13 |
| Group Name | carbon family | boron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 2 | period 2 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 4 | 2, 3 |
| Melting Point | 3823 K | 2348 K |
| Boiling Point | 4300 K | 4273 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-44-0 | CAS7440-42-8 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Carbon | Neighborhood Elements of Boron |
History
| Parameter | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Carbon was discovered by Egyptians and Sumerians in year 3750 BCE. Carbon derived its name the Latin word carbo, meaning 'coal'. | The element Boron was discovered by L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard in year 1808 in France and United Kingdom. Boron derived its name from borax, a mineral. |
| Discovery | Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BCE) | L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard (1808) |
| Isolated | () | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 5000000 / 500000 | 1 / 0.1 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3000000 / 300000 | 2 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 15000000 / 18000000 | 1600 / 3000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1800000 / 3100000 | 8700 / 17000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 28000 / 14400 | 4440 / 2500 |
| Abundance in Humans | 230000000 / 120000000 | 700 / 410 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 5.29 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 67 pm | 87 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 77 pm | 82 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 170 pm | 192 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  | Not available |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 246.4, 246.4, 671.1 pm | 506, 506, 506 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | 1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | R_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 166 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Trigonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 6 | 5 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 6 | 5 |
| Number of Protons | 6 | 5 |
| Mass Number | 12.0107 | 10.811 |
| Number of Neutrons | 6 | 6 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 4 | 2, 3 |
| Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| Valence Electrons | 2s2 2p2 | 2s2 2p1 |
| Oxidation State | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 2P1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Carbon has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Boron has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C | 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 12C, 13C | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 10B, 11B |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.0035 | 755 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.000015 | 2.4 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.55 Pauling Scale | 2.04 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol | 26.7 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol 4th: 6222.7 kJ/mol 5th: 37831 kJ/mol 6th: 47277 kJ/mol | 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol 4th: 25025.8 kJ/mol 5th: 32826.7 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Carbon (2.26 g/cm³) is less dense than Boron (2.46 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Boron will be heavier than the same volume of Carbon. Boron is about 8.799999999999999 denser than Carbon
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Black | Black |
| Density | 2.26 g/cm3 | 2.46 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 5.29 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | - |
| Shear Modulus | - | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 33 GPa | 320 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 0.5 MPa | 9.3 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 49000 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 27 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000071 /K | 0.000006 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 100000 S/m | 0.0001 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.00001 m Ω | 10000 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -6.2e-9 m3/kg | -8.7e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -7.45e-11 m3/mol | -9.41e-11 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.000014 | -0.0000214 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 2.417 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 18350 m/s | 16200 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 3823 K | 2348 K |
| Boiling Point | 4300 K | 4273 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 507 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -393.5 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Carbon | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-44-0 | CAS7440-42-8 |
| RTECS Number | {RTECSHL4158550, RTECSFF5250100, RTECSMD9659600, N/A} | RTECSED7350000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 1361 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 3 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Carbon and Boron With Other Elements
Compare Carbon and Boron with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howCarbon and Boron stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.
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