I Iodine
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Iodine is Base Centered Orthorhombic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Cmca
Space Group Number	64
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic
Number of atoms per unit cell

Iodine atoms have 53 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 7] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ²P_3/2.

Atomic Number	53
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	53
Number of Protons	53
Mass Number	127
Number of Neutrons	74
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Valence Electrons	5s2 5p5
Valence (Valency)	7
Main Oxidation States	-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Oxidation States	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	2P3/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Iodine - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Iodine - neutral Iodine atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Iodine

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Iodine atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5. The portion of Iodine configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5s2 5p5, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Iodine

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Iodine atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p5

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Iodine

Iodine atomic radius is 115 pm, while it's covalent radius is 133 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Iodine

The electron affinity of Iodine is 295.2 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Iodine

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Iodine

Refer to below table for Iodine Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Iodine - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Iodine Electrical Properties

Iodine is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofIodine

Iodine Heat and Conduction Properties

Iodine Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Iodine

Acoustic Properties of Iodine

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Iodine

Enthalpies of Iodine

Iodine has 37 isotopes, with between 108 and 144 nucleons. Iodine has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Iodine - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 127I.