Ra Radium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Radium is Body Centered Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Im_ 3m
Space Group Number	229
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic
Number of atoms per unit cell	2

Radium atoms have 88 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ¹S₀.

Atomic Number	88
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	88
Number of Protons	88
Mass Number	226
Number of Neutrons	138
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2
Electron Configuration	[Rn] 7s2
Valence Electrons	7s2
Valence (Valency)	2
Main Oxidation States	2
Oxidation States	2
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	1S0

Bohr Atomic Model of Radium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Radium - neutral Radium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Radium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Radium atom is [Rn] 7s2. The portion of Radium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Rn]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 7s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Radium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Radium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Radium

Radium atomic radius is - , while it's covalent radius is - .

Atomic Spectrum of Radium

The electron affinity of Radium is - .

Ionization Energy of Radium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Radium

Refer to below table for Radium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Radium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Radium Electrical Properties

Radium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofRadium

Radium Heat and Conduction Properties

Radium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Radium

Acoustic Properties of Radium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Radium

Enthalpies of Radium

Radium has 33 isotopes, with between 202 and 234 nucleons. Radium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Radium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: -.