Eu - Europium

63
Eu
Europium

Europium Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

Element 63 of Periodic table is Europium with atomic number 63, atomic weight 151.964. Europium, symbol Eu, has a Body Centered Cubic structure and Silver color. Europium is a Lanthanide element. It is part of group null (). Know everything about Europium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
63 Eu - Europium | SchoolMyKids

Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.

It belongs to group null of the periodic table having trivial name . You can also download Printable Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards for Europium in a PDF format.

Europium Facts

Read key information and facts about element Europium

NameEuropium
Atomic Number63
Atomic SymbolEu
Atomic Weight151.964
PhaseSolid
ColorSilver
Appearance-
ClassificationLanthanide
Natural OccurancePrimordial
Group in Periodic Table-
Group Name
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 6
Block in Periodic Tablef-block
Electronic Configuration[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
Melting Point1095 K
Boiling Point1800 K
CAS NumberCAS7440-53-1
Neighborhood Elements
123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

How to Locate Europium on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 63 to find Europium on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Europium on periodic table look for cross section of group - and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

Europium History

The element Europium was discovered by E.-A. Demarçay in year 1896 in France. Europium was first isolated by E.-A. Demarçay in 1901. Europium derived its name from Europe.

Discovered By E.-A. Demarçay
Discovery Date 1896 in France
First Isolation 1901
Isolated by E.-A. Demarçay

Demarçay found spectral lines of a new element in Lecoq's samarium, and separated this element several years later.

Europium Uses

Europium is a good absorber of neutrons, so it is often used in nuclear reactors. One of its compounds is also used in the production of red phosphorus in television sets.

Europium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Europium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

 ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %)ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Abundance in Universe0.50.004
Abundance in Sun0.50.004
Abundance in Meteorites608
Abundance in Earth's Crust1800240
Abundance in Oceans0.000130.000005
Abundance in Humans--

Crystal Structure of Europium

The solid state structure of Europium is Body Centered Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc
458.1 pm458.1 pm458.1 pm

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma
π/2 π/2 π/2

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group NameIm_ 3m
Space Group Number229
Crystal StructureBody Centered Cubic
Number of atoms per unit cell2
63 Eu Europium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Europium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Europium atoms have 63 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 8S7/2.

Atomic Number63
Number of Electrons (with no charge)63
Number of Protons63
Mass Number152
Number of Neutrons89
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Valence Electrons4f7 6s2
Valence (Valency)3
Main Oxidation States2, 3
Oxidation States0, 2, 3
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)8S7/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Europium - Electrons per energy level

63 Eu Europium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids
nspdf

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Europium - neutral Europium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Europium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Europium atom is [Xe] 4f7 6s2. The portion of Europium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f7 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Europium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Europium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 6s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Electron configuration of Europium

Atomic Structure of Europium

Europium atomic radius is 231 pm, while it's covalent radius is -.

Atomic Radius Calculated231 pm(2.31 Å)
Atomic Radius Empirical185 pm (1.85 Å)
Atomic Volume28.979 cm3/mol
Covalent Radius-
Van der Waals Radius-
Neutron Cross Section4450
Neutron Mass Absorption 0.6

Spectral Lines of Europium - Atomic Spectrum of Europium

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

Emission spectrum of Europium

Emission Spectrum of Europium | SchoolMyKids

Absorption spectrum of Europium

Absorption Spectrum of Europium | SchoolMyKids

Europium Chemical Properties: Europium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Europium is 50 kJ/mol.

Valence3
Electronegativity1.2
ElectronAffinity50 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Europium

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Europium

Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol
1st547.1
2nd1085
3rd2404
4th4120

Europium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Europium Physical Properties

Density5.244 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $5.13 g/cm3)
Molar Volume28.979 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus18
Shear Modulus7.9 GPa
Bulk Modulus 8.3 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.15

Hardness of Europium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness-
Vickers Hardness167 MPa
Brinell Hardness-

Europium Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

Europium is a conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Europium

Electrical conductors Conductor
Electrical Conductivity1100000 S/m
Resistivity9e-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point-

Europium Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity14 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.000035 /K

Europium Magnetic Properties

Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie Point-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility2.76e-7 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility4.1942e-8 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0014473

Optical Properties of Europium

Refractive Index-

Acoustic Properties of Europium

Speed of Sound-

Europium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Europium

Melting Point1095 K(821.85 °C, 1511.330 °F)
Boiling Point1800 K(1526.85 °C, 2780.330 °F)
Critical Temperature-
Superconducting Point-

Enthalpies of Europium

Heat of Fusion9.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization175 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion-

Europium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Europium

Europium has 38 isotopes, with between 130 and 167 nucleons. Europium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Europium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 151Eu, 153Eu.

IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode
130Eu6367130Synthetic
131Eu6368131Synthetic
132Eu6369132Synthetic
133Eu6370133Synthetic
134Eu6371134Synthetic
135Eu6372135Synthetic
136Eu6373136Synthetic
137Eu6374137Synthetic
138Eu6375138Synthetic
139Eu6376139Synthetic
140Eu6377140Synthetic
141Eu6378141Synthetic
142Eu6379142Synthetic
143Eu6380143Synthetic
144Eu6381144Synthetic
145Eu6382145Synthetic
146Eu6383146Synthetic
147Eu6384147Synthetic
148Eu6385148Synthetic
149Eu6386149Synthetic
150Eu6387150Synthetic
151Eu638815147.81%StableN/A
152Eu6389152SyntheticStable
153Eu639015352.19%StableN/A
154Eu6391154Synthetic
155Eu6392155Synthetic
156Eu6393156Synthetic
157Eu6394157Synthetic
158Eu6395158Synthetic
159Eu6396159Synthetic
160Eu6397160Synthetic
161Eu6398161Synthetic
162Eu6399162Synthetic
163Eu63100163Synthetic
164Eu63101164Synthetic
165Eu63102165Synthetic
166Eu63103166Synthetic
167Eu63104167Synthetic

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identifies hazard class of all dangerous elements/goods/commodities either by its class (or division) number or name. The DOT has divided these materials into nine different categories, known as Hazard Classes.

NFPA 704 is a Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. NFPA is a standard maintained by the US based National Fire Protection Association.

The health (blue), flammability (red), and reactivity (yellow) rating all use a numbering scale ranging from 0 to 4. A value of zero means that the element poses no hazard; a rating of four indicates extreme danger.

Autoignition Point-
Flashpoint-

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases

DatabaseIdentifier number
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)CAS7440-53-1
RTECS Number-
CID Number CID23981
Gmelin Number-
NSC Number-

Compare Europium with other elements

Compare Europium with Group , Period 6 and Lanthanide elements of the periodic table.

Compare Europium with all Group elements

Compare Europium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Europium with all Lanthanide elements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about Europium

The electronic configuration of Europium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 6s2.

The abbreviated electronic configuration of Europium is [Xe] 4f7 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.

Symbol of Europium is Eu. Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63.

Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the 63 element on the periodic table. It is located in group null and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

The atomic number of Europium is 63.

Europium is of Silver color.

The element Europium was discovered by E.-A. Demarçay in year 1896 in France. Europium was first isolated by E.-A. Demarçay in 1901.

Europium has 3 valence electrons. Europium has 63 electrons out of which 3 valence electrons are present in the 4f7 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.

Melting Point of Europium is 1095 K.

Boiling Point of Europium is 1800 K.

Melting Point of Europium in Kelvin is 1095 K.

Boiling Point of Europium in Kelvin is 1800 K.

Melting Point of Europium in Celsius is 821.85 °C.

Boiling Point of Europium in Celsius is 1526.85 °C.

Melting Point of Europium in Fahrenheit is 1511.33 °F.

Boiling Point of Europium in Fahrenheit is 2780.33 °F.

The electronic configuration of Europium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 6s2.

The electronic configuration of Europium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 6s2.