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Timeline of the Discoveries of Chemical Elements - Periodic Table

Explore the discovery of all the 118 elements of periodic table in chronological order alongwith Interactive Dynamic Periodic Table by age of discovery. Each elemnt name, atomic number, symbol, year of discovery and discovers.

123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
2
He
2
3
Li
4
Be
5
B
6
C
7
N
8
O
9
F
10
Ne
3
11
Na
12
Mg
13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
4
19
K
20
Ca
21
Sc
22
Ti
23
V
24
Cr
25
Mn
26
Fe
27
Co
28
Ni
29
Cu
30
Zn
31
Ga
32
Ge
33
As
34
Se
35
Br
36
Kr
5
37
Rb
38
Sr
39
Y
40
Zr
41
Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
53
I
54
Xe
6
55
Cs
56
Ba
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
73
Ta
74
W
75
Re
76
Os
77
Ir
78
Pt
79
Au
80
Hg
81
Tl
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
85
At
86
Rn
7
87
Fr
88
Ra
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
107
Bh
108
Hs
109
Mt
110
Ds
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og
Lanthanides
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
71
Lu
Actinides
89
Ac
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No
103
Lr

Background color shows age of discovery:

Before Middle Ages

(12 elements)

Middle Ages to ​1799

(22 elements)

1800–​1849

(25 elements)

1850–​1899

(24 elements)

1900–​1949

(14 elements)

1950–​1999

(15 elements)

Since 2000

(6 elements)

  • 2010

    Moscovium

    115 - Mc

    Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115.
  • 2010

    Tennessine

    117 - Ts

    Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed:six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014.
  • 2006

    Oganesson

    118 - Og

    Ooganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18.
  • 2004

    Nihonium

    113 - Nh

    Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds.
  • 2004

    Flerovium

    114 - Fl

    Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998.
  • 2004

    Livermorium

    116 - Lv

    Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000.
  • 1996

    Copernicium

    112 - Cn

    Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min.
  • 1995

    Roentgenium

    111 - Rg

    Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.
  • 1995

    Darmstadtium

    110 - Ds

    Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds.
  • 1984

    Hassium

    108 - Hs

    Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date.
  • 1982

    Meitnerium

    109 - Mt

    Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds.
  • 1981

    Bohrium

    107 - Bh

    Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds.
  • 1974

    Seaborgium

    106 - Sg

    Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca.
  • 1970

    Dubnium

    105 - Db

    Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.
  • 1969

    Rutherfordium

    104 - Rf

    Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.
  • 1966

    Nobelium

    102 - No

    Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the Actinide series.
  • 1961

    Lawrencium

    103 - Lr

    Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the Actinide series.
  • 1955

    Mendelevium

    101 - Md

    Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the Actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate Actinide and the ninth transuranic element.
  • 1952

    Einsteinium

    99 - Es

    Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an Actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein.
  • 1952

    Fermium

    100 - Fm

    Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the Actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared.
  • 1950

    Californium

    98 - Cf

    Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an Actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium).
  • 1949

    Berkelium

    97 - Bk

    Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the Actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.
  • 1944

    Americium

    95 - Am

    Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the Actinide series is located in the periodic table under the Lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago.
  • 1944

    Curium

    96 - Cm

    Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the Actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley.
  • 1942

    Promethium

    61 - Pm

    Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a Lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.
  • 1940

    Astatine

    85 - At

    Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.
  • 1940

    Neptunium

    93 - Np

    Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive Actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus.
  • 1940

    Plutonium

    94 - Pu

    Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an Actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.
  • 1939

    Francium

    87 - Fr

    Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.
  • 1937

    Technetium

    43 - Tc

    Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature.
  • 1922

    Hafnium

    72 - Hf

    Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent Transition Metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).
  • 1913

    Protactinium

    91 - Pa

    Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.
  • 1908

    Rhenium

    75 - Re

    Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row Transition Metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.
  • 1906

    Lutetium

    71 - Lu

    Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the Lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.
  • 1902

    Actinium

    89 - Ac

    Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902.
  • 1899

    Radon

    86 - Rn

    Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless Noble Gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.
  • 1898

    Neon

    10 - Ne

    Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air.
  • 1898

    Krypton

    36 - Kr

    Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos 'the hidden one') is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless Noble Gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.
  • 1898

    Xenon

    54 - Xe

    Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless Noble Gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first Noble Gas compound to be synthesized.
  • 1898

    Polonium

    84 - Po

    Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.
  • 1898

    Radium

    88 - Ra

    Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2).
  • 1896

    Europium

    63 - Eu

    Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.
  • 1894

    Argon

    18 - Ar

    Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a Noble Gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common Noble Gas, neon (18 ppmv).
  • 1886

    Germanium

    32 - Ge

    Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white Metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.
  • 1886

    Dysprosium

    66 - Dy

    Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.
  • 1885

    Praseodymium

    59 - Pr

    Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the Lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.
  • 1885

    Neodymium

    60 - Nd

    Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
  • 1880

    Gadolinium

    64 - Gd

    Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.
  • 1879

    Scandium

    21 - Sc

    Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.
  • 1879

    Samarium

    62 - Sm

    Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the Lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.
  • 1879

    Thulium

    69 - Tm

    Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the Lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
  • 1878

    Holmium

    67 - Ho

    Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the Lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.
  • 1878

    Ytterbium

    70 - Yb

    Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the Lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
  • 1875

    Gallium

    31 - Ga

    Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).
  • 1868

    Helium

    2 - He

    Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the Noble Gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.
  • 1863

    Indium

    49 - In

    Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.
  • 1861

    Rubidium

    37 - Rb

    Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the Alkali Metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air.
  • 1861

    Thallium

    81 - Tl

    Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray Post Transition Metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.
  • 1860

    Cesium

    55 - Cs

    Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold Alkali Metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an Alkali Metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.
  • 1844

    Ruthenium

    44 - Ru

    Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare Transition Metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.
  • 1842

    Terbium

    65 - Tb

    Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.
  • 1842

    Erbium

    68 - Er

    Erbium is a chemical element in the Lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.
  • 1838

    Lanthanum

    57 - La

    Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the Lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals.
  • 1829

    Thorium

    90 - Th

    Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive Actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
  • 1825

    Aluminium

    13 - Al

    Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.
  • 1825

    Bromine

    35 - Br

    Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning 'stench') is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.
  • 1823

    Silicon

    14 - Si

    Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent Metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the Metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.
  • 1817

    Lithium

    3 - Li

    Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, 'stone') is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the Alkali Metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.
  • 1817

    Selenium

    34 - Se

    Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.
  • 1817

    Cadmium

    48 - Cd

    Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.
  • 1811

    Iodine

    53 - I

    Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers.
  • 1810

    Fluorine

    9 - F

    Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.
  • 1808

    Boron

    5 - B

    Boron is a Metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.
  • 1808

    Calcium

    20 - Ca

    Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray Alkaline Earth Metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.
  • 1807

    Sodium

    11 - Na

    Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation.
  • 1807

    Potassium

    19 - K

    Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.
  • 1804

    Rhodium

    45 - Rh

    Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert Transition Metal. It is a member of the platinum group.
  • 1803

    Palladium

    46 - Pd

    Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.
  • 1803

    Cerium

    58 - Ce

    Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).
  • 1803

    Osmium

    76 - Os

    Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning 'smell') is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white Transition Metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 7004225900000000000♠22.59 g/cm3.
  • 1803

    Iridium

    77 - Ir

    Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white Transition Metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and Halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.
  • 1802

    Tantalum

    73 - Ta

    Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous Transition Metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.
  • 1801

    Vanadium

    23 - V

    Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable Transition Metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
  • 1801

    Niobium

    41 - Nb

    Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile Transition Metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.
  • 1798

    Beryllium

    4 - Be

    Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.
  • 1797

    Chromium

    24 - Cr

    Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.
  • 1794

    Yttrium

    39 - Y

    Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic Transition Metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a 'rare earth element'. Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.
  • 1791

    Titanium

    22 - Ti

    Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous Transition Metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.
  • 1789

    Zirconium

    40 - Zr

    Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning 'gold-colored'.
  • 1789

    Uranium

    92 - U

    Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the Actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons.
  • 1787

    Strontium

    38 - Sr

    Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An Alkaline Earth Metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air.
  • 1782

    Tellurium

    52 - Te

    Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white Metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.
  • 1781

    Tungsten

    74 - W

    Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.
  • 1778

    Molybdenum

    42 - Mo

    Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
  • 1774

    Chlorine

    17 - Cl

    Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine.
  • 1774

    Manganese

    25 - Mn

    Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
  • 1772

    Nitrogen

    7 - N

    Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.
  • 1772

    Barium

    56 - Ba

    Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic Alkaline Earth Metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.
  • 1771

    Oxygen

    8 - O

    Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.
  • 1766

    Hydrogen

    1 - H

    Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.
  • 1755

    Magnesium

    12 - Mg

    Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.
  • 1753

    Bismuth

    83 - Bi

    Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent Post Transition Metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.
  • 1751

    Nickel

    28 - Ni

    Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.
  • 1748

    Platinum

    78 - Pt

    Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white Transition Metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into 'little silver'.
  • 1735

    Cobalt

    27 - Co

    Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.
  • 1669

    Phosphorus

    15 - P

    Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.
  • ca. 800 AD

    Arsenic

    33 - As

    Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a Metalloid.
  • ca. 800 AD

    Antimony

    51 - Sb

    Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray Metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.
  • Before 1000 BCE

    Zinc

    30 - Zn

    Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.
  • Before 2000 BCE

    Sulfur

    16 - S

    Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.
  • Before 2000 BCE

    Mercury

    80 - Hg

    Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.
  • 3500 BCE

    Tin

    50 - Sn

    Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.
  • 3750 BCE

    Carbon

    6 - C

    Carbon (from Latin:carbo 'coal') is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent - making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
  • Before 5000 BCE

    Iron

    26 - Fe

    Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.
  • Before 5000 BCE

    Silver

    47 - Ag

    Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for 'grey' or 'shining') and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous Transition Metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
  • Before 6000 BCE

    Gold

    79 - Au

    Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a Transition Metal and a group 11 element.
  • 7000 BCE

    Lead

    82 - Pb

    Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy Post Transition Metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.
  • 9000 BCE

    Copper

    29 - Cu

    Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.

Unrecorded Discoveries

ElementEarliest useOldest Existing SampleDiscoverers
Carbon
6 - undefined
3750 BCE Egyptians and Sumerians
Sulfur
16 - undefined
Before 2000 BCE Chinese/Indians
Iron
26 - undefined
Before 5000 BCE4000 BCE (Egypt)Unknown
Copper
29 - undefined
9000 BCE6000 BCE (Anatolia)Middle East
Zinc
30 - undefined
Before 1000 BCE1000 BCE (Indian subcontinent)Indian metallurgists
Arsenic
33 - undefined
ca. 800 AD Arabic alchemist
Silver
47 - undefined
Before 5000 BCEca. 4000 BCE (Asia Minor)
Tin
50 - undefined
3500 BCE2000 BCE Unknown
Antimony
51 - undefined
ca. 800 AD Arabic alchemist
Gold
79 - undefined
Before 6000 BCEca. 4400 BCE (Varna Necropolis)Bulgaria
Mercury
80 - undefined
Before 2000 BCE1500 BCE (Egypt)Indians/Chinese
Lead
82 - undefined
7000 BCE3800 BCE (Abydos, Egypt)Africans

Recorded Discoveries

ElementObserved or predictedIsolated Year (widely known)

1 - undefined
in 1766
by H. Cavendish
in 1500
by Paracelsus

2 - undefined
in 1868
by P. Janssen and N. Lockyer
in 1895
by W. Ramsay,T. Cleve, and N. Langlet

3 - undefined
in 1817
by A. Arfwedson
in 1821
by W. T. Brande

4 - undefined
in 1798
by N. Vauquelin
in 1828
by F. Wöhler and A. Bussy

5 - undefined
in 1808
by L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard
in 1808
by H. Davy

6 - undefined

7 - undefined
in 1772
by D. Rutherford
in 1772
by D. Rutherford

8 - undefined
in 1771
by W. Scheele
in 1771
by W. Scheele

9 - undefined
in 1810
by A.-M. Ampère
in 1886
by H. Moissan

10 - undefined
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers

11 - undefined
in 1807
by H. Davy
in 1807
by H. Davy

12 - undefined
in 1755
by J. Black
in 1808
by H. Davy

13 - undefined
in 1825
by H.C.Ørsted
in 1825
by H.C.Ørsted

14 - undefined
in 1823
by J. Berzelius
in 1823
by J. Berzelius

15 - undefined
in 1669
by H. Brand
in 1669
by H. Brand

16 - undefined

17 - undefined
in 1774
by W. Scheele
in 1774
by W. Scheele

18 - undefined
in 1894
by Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay
in 1894
by Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay

19 - undefined
in 1807
by H. Davy
in 1807
by H. Davy

20 - undefined
in 1808
by H. Davy
in 1808
by H. Davy

21 - undefined
in 1879
by F. Nilson
in 1879
by F. Nilson

22 - undefined
in 1791
by W. Gregor
in 1825
by J. Berzelius

23 - undefined
in 1801
by M. del Río
in 1830
by N.G.Sefström

24 - undefined
in 1797
by N. Vauquelin
in 1798
by N. Vauquelin

25 - undefined
in 1774
by W. Scheele
in 1774
by G. Gahn

26 - undefined

27 - undefined
in 1735
by G. Brandt
in 1735
by G. Brandt

28 - undefined
in 1751
by F. Cronstedt
in 1751
by F. Cronstedt

29 - undefined

30 - undefined

31 - undefined
in 1875
by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran
by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran

32 - undefined
in 1886
by C. A. Winkler

33 - undefined

34 - undefined
in 1817
by J. Berzelius and G. Gahn
in 1817
by J. Berzelius and G. Gahn

35 - undefined
in 1825
by J. Balard and C. Löwig
in 1825
by J. Balard and C. Löwig

36 - undefined
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers

37 - undefined
in 1861
by R. Bunsen and G. R. Kirchhoff
by Hevesy

38 - undefined
in 1787
by W. Cruikshank
in 1808
by H. Davy

39 - undefined
in 1794
by J. Gadolin
in 1842
by G. Mosander

40 - undefined
in 1789
by H. Klaproth
in 1824
by J. Berzelius

41 - undefined
in 1801
by C. Hatchett
in 1864
by W. Blomstrand

42 - undefined
in 1778
by W. Scheele
in 1781
by J. Hjelm

43 - undefined
in 1937
by C. Perrier and E. Segrè
in 1937
by C. Perrier & E.Segrè

44 - undefined
in 1844
by K. Claus
in 1844
by K. Claus

45 - undefined
in 1804
by H. Wollaston
in 1804
by H. Wollaston

46 - undefined
in 1803
by H. Wollaston
in 1803
by H. Wollaston

47 - undefined

48 - undefined
in 1817
by S. L Hermann,F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff
in 1817
by S. L Hermann, F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff

49 - undefined
in 1863
by F. Reich and T. Richter
in 1867
by T. Richter

50 - undefined

51 - undefined

52 - undefined
in 1782
by F.-J.M. von Reichenstein
by H. Klaproth

53 - undefined
in 1811
by B. Courtois
in 1811
by B. Courtois

54 - undefined
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers
in 1898
by W. Ramsay and W. Travers

55 - undefined
in 1860
by R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff
in 1882
by C. Setterberg

56 - undefined
in 1772
by W. Scheele
in 1808
by H. Davy

57 - undefined
in 1838
by G. Mosander
in 1841
by G. Mosander

58 - undefined
in 1803
by H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger
in 1838
by G. Mosander

59 - undefined
in 1885
by C. A. von Welsbach

60 - undefined
in 1885
by C. A. von Welsbach

61 - undefined
in 1942
by S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe
in 1945
by Charles D. Coryell,Jacob A. Marinsky,Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Harold G. Richter

62 - undefined
in 1879
by P.E.L. de Boisbaudran
in 1879
by P.E.L. de Boisbaudran

63 - undefined
in 1896
by E.-A. Demarçay
in 1901
by E.-A. Demarçay

64 - undefined
in 1880
by J. C. G. de Marignac
in 1886
by P.E.L. de Boisbaudran

65 - undefined
in 1842
by G. Mosander
in 1886
by J.C.G. de Marignac

66 - undefined
in 1886
by P.E.L. de Boisbaudran

67 - undefined
in 1878
by J.-L. Soret
in 1879
by T. Cleve

68 - undefined
in 1842
by G. Mosander
in 1879
by T. Cleve

69 - undefined
in 1879
by T. Cleve
in 1879
by T. Cleve

70 - undefined
in 1878
by J.C.G. de Marignac
in 1906
by C. A. von Welsbach

71 - undefined
in 1906
by C. A. von Welsbach and G. Urbain
in 1906
by C. A. von Welsbach

72 - undefined
in 1922
by D. Coster and G. von Hevesy
in 1922
by D. Coster and G. von Hevesy

73 - undefined
in 1802
by G. Ekeberg

74 - undefined
in 1781
by W. Scheele
in 1783
by J. and F. Elhuyar

75 - undefined
in 1908
by M. Ogawa
in 1919
by M. Ogawa

76 - undefined
in 1803
by S. Tennant
in 1803
by S. Tennant

77 - undefined
in 1803
by S. Tennant
in 1803
by S. Tennant

78 - undefined
in 1748
by A. de Ulloa

79 - undefined

80 - undefined

81 - undefined
in 1861
by W. Crookes
in 1862
by C.-A. Lamy

82 - undefined

83 - undefined
in 1753
by C.F. Geoffroy

84 - undefined
in 1898
by P. and M. Curie
in 1902
by W. Marckwald

85 - undefined
in 1940
by R. Corson,R. MacKenzie and E. Segrè

86 - undefined
in 1899
by E. Rutherford and R. B. Owens
in 1910
by W. Ramsay and R. Whytlaw-Gray

87 - undefined
in 1939
by M. Perey

88 - undefined
in 1898
by P. and M. Curie
in 1902
by M. Curie

89 - undefined
in 1902
by F. O. Giesel
in 1902
by F. O. Giesel

90 - undefined
in 1829
by J. Berzelius
in 1914
by D. Lely, Jr. and L. Hamburger

91 - undefined
in 1913
by O. H. Göhring and K. Fajans
in 1927
by A. von Grosse

92 - undefined
in 1789
by H. Klaproth
in 1841
by E.-M. Péligot

93 - undefined
in 1940
by E.M. McMillan and H. Abelson

94 - undefined
in 1940
by Glenn T. Seaborg,Arthur C. Wahl,W. Kennedy and E.M. McMillan

95 - undefined
in 1944
by G. T. Seaborg,R. A. James,O. Morgan and A. Ghiorso

96 - undefined
in 1944
by G. T. Seaborg, R. A. James and A. Ghiorso

97 - undefined
in 1949
by G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso and G. T. Seaborg(University of California, Berkeley)

98 - undefined
in 1950
by S. G. Thompson,K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso and G. T. Seaborg(University of California, Berkeley)

99 - undefined
in 1952
by A. Ghiorso et al.(Argonne Laboratory, Los Alamos Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley)
in 1952

100 - undefined
in 1952
by A. Ghiorso et al.(Argonne Laboratory, Los Alamos Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley)

101 - undefined
in 1955
by A. Ghiorso,G. Harvey,R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson and G. T. Seaborg

102 - undefined
in 1966
by E. D. Donets, V. A. Shchegolev and V. A. Ermakov

103 - undefined
in 1961
by A. Ghiorso,T. Sikkeland,E. Larsh and M. Latimer

104 - undefined
in 1969
by A. Ghiorso,M. Nurmia,J. Harris,K. Eskola and P. Eskola

105 - undefined
in 1970
by A. Ghiorso, M. Nurmia, K. Eskola, J. Harris and P. Eskola

106 - undefined
in 1974
by A. Ghiorso, J. Nitschke, J. Alonso,C. Alonso, M. Nurmia, G. T. Seaborg, K. Hulet and W. Lougheed

107 - undefined
in 1981
by G.Münzenberget al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

108 - undefined
in 1984
by G. Münzenberg, P. Armbruster et al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

109 - undefined
in 1982
by G. Münzenberg,P. Armbrusteret al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

110 - undefined
in 1995
by S. Hofmannet al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

111 - undefined
in 1995
by S. Hofmann et al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

112 - undefined
in 1996
by S. Hofmann et al.(GSI in Darmstadt)

113 - undefined
in 2004
by K. Morita et al.(RIKENin Wako, Japan)

114 - undefined
in 2004
by Yuri Oganessian et al.(JINRinDubna)

115 - undefined
in 2010
by Yuri Oganessian et al.(JINR in Dubna)

116 - undefined
in 2004
by Yuri Oganessian et al.(JINR in Dubna)

117 - undefined
in 2010
by Yuri Oganessian et al.(JINR in Dubna)

118 - undefined
in 2006
by Yuri Tsolakovich Oganessian

Graphics

Known Chemical elements
Development in discovery