Os Osmium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning 'smell') is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white Transition Metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 7004225900000000000♠22.59 g/cm3.
It belongs to group 8 of the periodic table having trivial name .
Osmium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Osmium
| Name | Osmium |
| Atomic Number | 76 |
| Atomic Symbol | Os |
| Atomic Weight | 190.23 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | SlateGray |
| Appearance | silvery, blue cast |
| Classification | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 8 |
| Group Name | iron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
| Melting Point | 3306 K |
| Boiling Point | 5285 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-04-2 |
How to Locate Osmium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 76 to find Osmium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Osmium on periodic table look for cross section of group 8 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
Osmium History
The element Osmium was discovered by S. Tennant in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Osmium was first isolated by S. Tennant in 1803. Osmium derived its name from the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell'.
Tennant had been working on samples of South American platinum in parallel with Wollaston and discovered two new elements, which he named osmium and iridium.
Osmium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Osmium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 3 | 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 2 | 0.02 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 670 | 70 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1.8 | 0.2 |
| Abundance in Oceans | - | - |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Osmium
The solid state structure of Osmium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 273.44 pm | 273.44 pm | 431.73 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Number of atoms per unit cell |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Osmium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Osmium atoms have 76 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 5D4.
| Atomic Number | 76 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 76 |
| Number of Protons | 76 |
| Mass Number | 190 |
| Number of Neutrons | 114 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 5d6 6s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 6 |
| Main Oxidation States | 4 |
| Oxidation States | -4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 5D4 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Osmium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Osmium - neutral Osmium atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Osmium
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Osmium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2. The portion of Osmium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5d6 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Osmium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Osmium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d6 6s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Osmium
Osmium atomic radius is 185 pm, while it's covalent radius is 128 pm.
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 185 pm (1.85 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 130 pm (1.3 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 8.421 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | 128 pm (1.28 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 15 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023 |
Atomic Spectrum of Osmium
Osmium Chemical Properties: Osmium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Osmium is 106.1 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.2 |
| ElectronAffinity | 106.1 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Osmium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Osmium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 840 |
| 2nd | 1600 |
Osmium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Osmium Physical Properties
| Density | 22.59 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $20 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 8.421 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | - |
| Shear Modulus | 222 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.25 |
Hardness of Osmium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 7 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 3920 MPa |
Osmium Electrical Properties
Osmium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofOsmium
| Electrical Conductivity | 12000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 8.1e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.66 |
Osmium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 88 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000051 /K |
Osmium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 6e-10 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.1e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.000014 |
Optical Properties of Osmium
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Osmium
| Speed of Sound | 4940 m/s |
Osmium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Osmium
| Melting Point | 3306 K (3032.85°C, 5491.129999999999 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 5285 K (5011.85°C, 9053.33 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.66 |
Enthalpies of Osmium
| Heat of Fusion | 31 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 630 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Osmium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Osmium
Osmium has 35 isotopes, with between 162 and 196 nucleons. Osmium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Osmium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192Os.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 162Os | 76 | 86 | 162 | Synthetic | ||
| 163Os | 76 | 87 | 163 | Synthetic | ||
| 164Os | 76 | 88 | 164 | Synthetic | ||
| 165Os | 76 | 89 | 165 | Synthetic | ||
| 166Os | 76 | 90 | 166 | Synthetic | ||
| 167Os | 76 | 91 | 167 | Synthetic | ||
| 168Os | 76 | 92 | 168 | Synthetic | ||
| 169Os | 76 | 93 | 169 | Synthetic | ||
| 170Os | 76 | 94 | 170 | Synthetic | ||
| 171Os | 76 | 95 | 171 | Synthetic | ||
| 172Os | 76 | 96 | 172 | Synthetic | ||
| 173Os | 76 | 97 | 173 | Synthetic | ||
| 174Os | 76 | 98 | 174 | Synthetic | ||
| 175Os | 76 | 99 | 175 | Synthetic | ||
| 176Os | 76 | 100 | 176 | Synthetic | ||
| 177Os | 76 | 101 | 177 | Synthetic | ||
| 178Os | 76 | 102 | 178 | Synthetic | ||
| 179Os | 76 | 103 | 179 | Synthetic | ||
| 180Os | 76 | 104 | 180 | Synthetic | ||
| 181Os | 76 | 105 | 181 | Synthetic | ||
| 182Os | 76 | 106 | 182 | Synthetic | ||
| 183Os | 76 | 107 | 183 | Synthetic | ||
| 184Os | 76 | 108 | 184 | 0.02% | Stable | N/A |
| 185Os | 76 | 109 | 185 | Synthetic | ||
| 186Os | 76 | 110 | 186 | 1.59% | Stable | N/A |
| 187Os | 76 | 111 | 187 | 1.96% | Stable | N/A |
| 188Os | 76 | 112 | 188 | 13.24% | Stable | N/A |
| 189Os | 76 | 113 | 189 | 16.15% | Stable | N/A |
| 190Os | 76 | 114 | 190 | 26.26% | Stable | |
| 191Os | 76 | 115 | 191 | Synthetic | ||
| 192Os | 76 | 116 | 192 | 40.78% | Stable | N/A |
| 193Os | 76 | 117 | 193 | Synthetic | ||
| 194Os | 76 | 118 | 194 | Synthetic | ||
| 195Os | 76 | 119 | 195 | Synthetic | ||
| 196Os | 76 | 120 | 196 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-04-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSRN1100000 |
| CID Number | CID23937 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Osmium with other elements
Compare Osmium with all Group 8 elements
Compare Osmium with all Period 6 elements
Compare Osmium with all Transition Metal elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Osmium?
The electronic configuration of Osmium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d6 6s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Osmium?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Osmium is [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Osmium?
Symbol of Osmium is Os. Osmium is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76.
What is the position of Osmium in the Periodic Table?
Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. Osmium is the 76 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 8 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Osmium?
The atomic number of Osmium is 76.
What is the color of Osmium?
Osmium is of SlateGray color.
Who discovered Osmium?
The element Osmium was discovered by S. Tennant in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Osmium was first isolated by S. Tennant in 1803.
How many valence electrons does a Osmium atom have?
Osmium has 6 valence electrons. Osmium has 76 electrons out of which 6 valence electrons are present in the 5d6 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Osmium?
Melting Point of Osmium is 3306 K.
What is the boiling Point of Osmium?
Boiling Point of Osmium is 5285 K.
What is the melting Point of Osmium in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Osmium in Kelvin is 3306 K.
What is the boiling Point of Osmium in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Osmium in Kelvin is 5285 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Osmium 76?
The electronic configuration of Osmium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d6 6s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Osmium?
The electronic configuration of Osmium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d6 6s2.