Lu Lutetium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the Lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.
It belongs to group 3 of the periodic table having trivial name .
Lutetium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Lutetium
| Name | Lutetium |
| Atomic Number | 71 |
| Atomic Symbol | Lu |
| Atomic Weight | 174.967 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | 3 |
| Group Name | scandium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1936 K |
| Boiling Point | 3675 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-94-3 |
How to Locate Lutetium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 71 to find Lutetium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Lutetium on periodic table look for cross section of group 3 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
Lutetium History
The element Lutetium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach and G. Urbain in year 1906 in France and Germany. Lutetium was first isolated by C. A. von Welsbach in 1906. Lutetium derived its name from Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris.
von Welsbach proved that the old ytterbium also contained a new element, which he named cassiopeium. Urbain also proved this simultaneously, but his samples were very impure and only contained trace quantities of the new element. Despite this, his chosen namelutetiumwas adopted.
Lutetium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Lutetium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.1 | 0.001 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 | 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 30 | 3 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 560 | 70 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.00015 | 0.000005 |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Lutetium
The solid state structure of Lutetium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 350.31 pm | 350.31 pm | 555.09 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Number of atoms per unit cell |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Lutetium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Lutetium atoms have 71 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2D3/2.
| Atomic Number | 71 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 71 |
| Number of Protons | 71 |
| Mass Number | 175 |
| Number of Neutrons | 104 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 5d1 6s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 3 |
| Main Oxidation States | 3 |
| Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2D3/2 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Lutetium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Lutetium - neutral Lutetium atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Lutetium
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Lutetium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2. The portion of Lutetium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5d1 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Lutetium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Lutetium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d1 6s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Lutetium
Lutetium atomic radius is 217 pm, while it's covalent radius is 160 pm.
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 217 pm (2.17 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 175 pm (1.75 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 17.78 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | 160 pm (1.6 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 84 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.022 |
Atomic Spectrum of Lutetium
Lutetium Chemical Properties: Lutetium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Lutetium is 50 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.27 |
| ElectronAffinity | 50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Lutetium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Lutetium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 523.5 |
| 2nd | 1340 |
| 3rd | 2022.3 |
| 4th | 4370 |
| 5th | 6445 |
Lutetium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Lutetium Physical Properties
| Density | 9.841 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $9.3 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 17.78 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 69 |
| Shear Modulus | 27 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 48 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.26 |
Hardness of Lutetium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 1160 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 893 MPa |
Lutetium Electrical Properties
Lutetium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofLutetium
| Electrical Conductivity | 1800000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 5.59e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.1 |
Lutetium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000099 /K |
Lutetium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.2e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.1e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0000118 |
Optical Properties of Lutetium
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Lutetium
| Speed of Sound | - |
Lutetium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Lutetium
| Melting Point | 1936 K (1662.85°C, 3025.13 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 3675 K (3401.85°C, 6155.33 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.1 |
Enthalpies of Lutetium
| Heat of Fusion | 22 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 415 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Lutetium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Lutetium
Lutetium has 35 isotopes, with between 150 and 184 nucleons. Lutetium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Lutetium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 175Lu.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 150Lu | 71 | 79 | 150 | Synthetic | ||
| 151Lu | 71 | 80 | 151 | Synthetic | ||
| 152Lu | 71 | 81 | 152 | Synthetic | ||
| 153Lu | 71 | 82 | 153 | Synthetic | ||
| 154Lu | 71 | 83 | 154 | Synthetic | ||
| 155Lu | 71 | 84 | 155 | Synthetic | ||
| 156Lu | 71 | 85 | 156 | Synthetic | ||
| 157Lu | 71 | 86 | 157 | Synthetic | ||
| 158Lu | 71 | 87 | 158 | Synthetic | ||
| 159Lu | 71 | 88 | 159 | Synthetic | ||
| 160Lu | 71 | 89 | 160 | Synthetic | ||
| 161Lu | 71 | 90 | 161 | Synthetic | ||
| 162Lu | 71 | 91 | 162 | Synthetic | ||
| 163Lu | 71 | 92 | 163 | Synthetic | ||
| 164Lu | 71 | 93 | 164 | Synthetic | ||
| 165Lu | 71 | 94 | 165 | Synthetic | ||
| 166Lu | 71 | 95 | 166 | Synthetic | ||
| 167Lu | 71 | 96 | 167 | Synthetic | ||
| 168Lu | 71 | 97 | 168 | Synthetic | ||
| 169Lu | 71 | 98 | 169 | Synthetic | ||
| 170Lu | 71 | 99 | 170 | Synthetic | ||
| 171Lu | 71 | 100 | 171 | Synthetic | ||
| 172Lu | 71 | 101 | 172 | Synthetic | ||
| 173Lu | 71 | 102 | 173 | Synthetic | ||
| 174Lu | 71 | 103 | 174 | Synthetic | ||
| 175Lu | 71 | 104 | 175 | 97.41% | Stable | |
| 176Lu | 71 | 105 | 176 | 2.59% | Stable | N/A |
| 177Lu | 71 | 106 | 177 | Synthetic | ||
| 178Lu | 71 | 107 | 178 | Synthetic | ||
| 179Lu | 71 | 108 | 179 | Synthetic | ||
| 180Lu | 71 | 109 | 180 | Synthetic | ||
| 181Lu | 71 | 110 | 181 | Synthetic | ||
| 182Lu | 71 | 111 | 182 | Synthetic | ||
| 183Lu | 71 | 112 | 183 | Synthetic | ||
| 184Lu | 71 | 113 | 184 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7439-94-3 |
| RTECS Number | - |
| CID Number | CID23929 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Lutetium with other elements
Compare Lutetium with all Group 3 elements
Compare Lutetium with all Period 6 elements
Compare Lutetium with all Lanthanide elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Lutetium?
The electronic configuration of Lutetium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d1 6s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Lutetium?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Lutetium is [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Lutetium?
Symbol of Lutetium is Lu. Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71.
What is the position of Lutetium in the Periodic Table?
Lutetium is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. Lutetium is the 71 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 3 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Lutetium?
The atomic number of Lutetium is 71.
What is the color of Lutetium?
Lutetium is of Silver color.
Who discovered Lutetium?
The element Lutetium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach and G. Urbain in year 1906 in France and Germany. Lutetium was first isolated by C. A. von Welsbach in 1906.
How many valence electrons does a Lutetium atom have?
Lutetium has 3 valence electrons. Lutetium has 71 electrons out of which 3 valence electrons are present in the 5d1 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Lutetium?
Melting Point of Lutetium is 1936 K.
What is the boiling Point of Lutetium?
Boiling Point of Lutetium is 3675 K.
What is the melting Point of Lutetium in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Lutetium in Kelvin is 1936 K.
What is the boiling Point of Lutetium in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Lutetium in Kelvin is 3675 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Lutetium 71?
The electronic configuration of Lutetium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d1 6s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Lutetium?
The electronic configuration of Lutetium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d1 6s2.