Yb Ytterbium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the Lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
It belongs to group of the periodic table having trivial name .
Ytterbium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Ytterbium
| Name | Ytterbium |
| Atomic Number | 70 |
| Atomic Symbol | Yb |
| Atomic Weight | 173.04 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | - |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | - |
| Group Name | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1092 K |
| Boiling Point | 1469 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-64-4 |
How to Locate Ytterbium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 70 to find Ytterbium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Ytterbium on periodic table look for cross section of group - and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
Ytterbium History
The element Ytterbium was discovered by J.C.G. de Marignac in year 1878 in Switzerland. Ytterbium was first isolated by C. A. von Welsbach in 1906. Ytterbium derived its name from Ytterby, Sweden.
On October 22, 1878, Marignac reported splitting terbia into two new earths, terbia proper and ytterbia.
Ytterbium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Ytterbium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 | 0.01 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 | 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 180 | 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 2800 | 340 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0008 | 0.000029 |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Ytterbium
The solid state structure of Ytterbium is Face Centered Cubic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 548.47 pm | 548.47 pm | 548.47 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic |
| Number of atoms per unit cell | 4 |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Ytterbium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Ytterbium atoms have 70 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 1S0.
| Atomic Number | 70 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 70 |
| Number of Protons | 70 |
| Mass Number | 173 |
| Number of Neutrons | 103 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f14 6s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 3 |
| Main Oxidation States | 3 |
| Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Ytterbium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Ytterbium - neutral Ytterbium atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Ytterbium
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Ytterbium atom is [Xe] 4f14 6s2. The portion of Ytterbium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f14 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Ytterbium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Ytterbium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 6s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Ytterbium
Ytterbium atomic radius is 222 pm, while it's covalent radius is - .
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 222 pm (2.22 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 175 pm (1.75 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 24.84 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 35 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0076 |
Atomic Spectrum of Ytterbium
Ytterbium Chemical Properties: Ytterbium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Ytterbium is 50 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.1 |
| ElectronAffinity | 50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Ytterbium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Ytterbium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 603.4 |
| 2nd | 1174.8 |
| 3rd | 2417 |
| 4th | 4203 |
Ytterbium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Ytterbium Physical Properties
| Density | 6.57 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $6.21 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 24.84 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 24 |
| Shear Modulus | 9.9 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 31 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.21 |
Hardness of Ytterbium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 206 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 343 MPa |
Ytterbium Electrical Properties
Ytterbium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofYtterbium
| Electrical Conductivity | 3600000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 2.79e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Ytterbium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 39 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000263 /K |
Ytterbium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 5.9e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.02e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0000388 |
Optical Properties of Ytterbium
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Ytterbium
| Speed of Sound | 1590 m/s |
Ytterbium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Ytterbium
| Melting Point | 1092 K (818.85°C, 1505.93 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 1469 K (1195.85°C, 2184.5299999999997 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Enthalpies of Ytterbium
| Heat of Fusion | 7.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 160 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Ytterbium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Ytterbium
Ytterbium has 34 isotopes, with between 148 and 181 nucleons. Ytterbium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Ytterbium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 168Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb, 176Yb.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 148Yb | 70 | 78 | 148 | Synthetic | ||
| 149Yb | 70 | 79 | 149 | Synthetic | ||
| 150Yb | 70 | 80 | 150 | Synthetic | ||
| 151Yb | 70 | 81 | 151 | Synthetic | ||
| 152Yb | 70 | 82 | 152 | Synthetic | ||
| 153Yb | 70 | 83 | 153 | Synthetic | ||
| 154Yb | 70 | 84 | 154 | Synthetic | ||
| 155Yb | 70 | 85 | 155 | Synthetic | ||
| 156Yb | 70 | 86 | 156 | Synthetic | ||
| 157Yb | 70 | 87 | 157 | Synthetic | ||
| 158Yb | 70 | 88 | 158 | Synthetic | ||
| 159Yb | 70 | 89 | 159 | Synthetic | ||
| 160Yb | 70 | 90 | 160 | Synthetic | ||
| 161Yb | 70 | 91 | 161 | Synthetic | ||
| 162Yb | 70 | 92 | 162 | Synthetic | ||
| 163Yb | 70 | 93 | 163 | Synthetic | ||
| 164Yb | 70 | 94 | 164 | Synthetic | ||
| 165Yb | 70 | 95 | 165 | Synthetic | ||
| 166Yb | 70 | 96 | 166 | Synthetic | ||
| 167Yb | 70 | 97 | 167 | Synthetic | ||
| 168Yb | 70 | 98 | 168 | 0.13% | Stable | N/A |
| 169Yb | 70 | 99 | 169 | Synthetic | ||
| 170Yb | 70 | 100 | 170 | 3.04% | Stable | N/A |
| 171Yb | 70 | 101 | 171 | 14.28% | Stable | N/A |
| 172Yb | 70 | 102 | 172 | 21.83% | Stable | N/A |
| 173Yb | 70 | 103 | 173 | 16.13% | Stable | |
| 174Yb | 70 | 104 | 174 | 31.83% | Stable | N/A |
| 175Yb | 70 | 105 | 175 | Synthetic | ||
| 176Yb | 70 | 106 | 176 | 12.76% | Stable | N/A |
| 177Yb | 70 | 107 | 177 | Synthetic | ||
| 178Yb | 70 | 108 | 178 | Synthetic | ||
| 179Yb | 70 | 109 | 179 | Synthetic | ||
| 180Yb | 70 | 110 | 180 | Synthetic | ||
| 181Yb | 70 | 111 | 181 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-64-4 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSZG1925000 |
| CID Number | CID23992 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Ytterbium with other elements
Compare Ytterbium with all Group elements
Compare Ytterbium with all Period 6 elements
Compare Ytterbium with all Lanthanide elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Ytterbium?
The electronic configuration of Ytterbium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 6s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Ytterbium?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Ytterbium is [Xe] 4f14 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Ytterbium?
Symbol of Ytterbium is Yb. Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70.
What is the position of Ytterbium in the Periodic Table?
Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. Ytterbium is the 70 element on the periodic table. It is located in group null and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Ytterbium?
The atomic number of Ytterbium is 70.
What is the color of Ytterbium?
Ytterbium is of Silver color.
Who discovered Ytterbium?
The element Ytterbium was discovered by J.C.G. de Marignac in year 1878 in Switzerland. Ytterbium was first isolated by C. A. von Welsbach in 1906.
How many valence electrons does a Ytterbium atom have?
Ytterbium has 3 valence electrons. Ytterbium has 70 electrons out of which 3 valence electrons are present in the 4f14 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Ytterbium?
Melting Point of Ytterbium is 1092 K.
What is the boiling Point of Ytterbium?
Boiling Point of Ytterbium is 1469 K.
What is the melting Point of Ytterbium in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Ytterbium in Kelvin is 1092 K.
What is the boiling Point of Ytterbium in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Ytterbium in Kelvin is 1469 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Ytterbium 70?
The electronic configuration of Ytterbium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 6s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Ytterbium?
The electronic configuration of Ytterbium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 6s2.