Po Polonium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Polonium is Simple Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Pm-3m
Space Group Number	221
Crystal Structure	Simple Cubic
Number of atoms per unit cell	1

Polonium atoms have 84 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ³P₂.

Atomic Number	84
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	84
Number of Protons	84
Mass Number	209
Number of Neutrons	125
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6
Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Valence Electrons	6s2 6p4
Valence (Valency)	6
Main Oxidation States	-2, 2, 4
Oxidation States	-2, 2, 4, 5, 6
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	3P2

Bohr Atomic Model of Polonium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Polonium - neutral Polonium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Polonium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Polonium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4. The portion of Polonium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 6s2 6p4, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Polonium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Polonium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Polonium

Polonium atomic radius is 135 pm, while it's covalent radius is - .

Atomic Spectrum of Polonium

The electron affinity of Polonium is 183.3 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Polonium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Polonium

Refer to below table for Polonium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Polonium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Polonium Electrical Properties

Polonium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofPolonium

Polonium Heat and Conduction Properties

Polonium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Polonium

Acoustic Properties of Polonium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Polonium

Enthalpies of Polonium

Polonium has 33 isotopes, with between 188 and 220 nucleons. Polonium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Polonium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: -.