Pr Praseodymium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the Lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.
It belongs to group of the periodic table having trivial name .
Praseodymium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Praseodymium
| Name | Praseodymium |
| Atomic Number | 59 |
| Atomic Symbol | Pr |
| Atomic Weight | 140.90765 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | grayish white |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | - |
| Group Name | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1204 K |
| Boiling Point | 3563 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-10-0 |
How to Locate Praseodymium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 59 to find Praseodymium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Praseodymium on periodic table look for cross section of group - and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
Praseodymium History
The element Praseodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Praseodymium was first isolated by in . Praseodymium derived its name from the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin'.
Von Welsbach discovered two new distinct elements in Mosander's didymia: praseodymium and neodymium.
Praseodymium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Praseodymium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 | 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 | 0.005 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 100 | 10 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 8700 | 1300 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0006 | 0.000026 |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Praseodymium
The solid state structure of Praseodymium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 367.25 pm | 367.25 pm | 1183.54 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Number of atoms per unit cell |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Praseodymium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Praseodymium atoms have 59 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 4I9/2.
| Atomic Number | 59 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 59 |
| Number of Protons | 59 |
| Mass Number | 141 |
| Number of Neutrons | 82 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f3 6s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 4 |
| Main Oxidation States | 3 |
| Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4I9/2 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Praseodymium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Praseodymium - neutral Praseodymium atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Praseodymium
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Praseodymium atom is [Xe] 4f3 6s2. The portion of Praseodymium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f3 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Praseodymium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Praseodymium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f3 6s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Praseodymium
Praseodymium atomic radius is 247 pm, while it's covalent radius is - .
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 247 pm (2.47 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 185 pm (1.85 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 20.8 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 11.4 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0029 |
Atomic Spectrum of Praseodymium
Praseodymium Chemical Properties: Praseodymium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Praseodymium is 50 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.13 |
| ElectronAffinity | 50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Praseodymium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Praseodymium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 527 |
| 2nd | 1020 |
| 3rd | 2086 |
| 4th | 3761 |
| 5th | 5551 |
Praseodymium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Praseodymium Physical Properties
| Density | 6.64 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $6.5 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 20.8 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 37 |
| Shear Modulus | 15 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 29 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 |
Hardness of Praseodymium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 400 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 481 MPa |
Praseodymium Electrical Properties
Praseodymium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofPraseodymium
| Electrical Conductivity | 1400000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 7e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Praseodymium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 13 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000067 /K |
Praseodymium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.23e-7 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 5.9604e-8 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0028087 |
Optical Properties of Praseodymium
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Praseodymium
| Speed of Sound | 2280 m/s |
Praseodymium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Praseodymium
| Melting Point | 1204 K (930.85°C, 1707.53 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 3563 K (3289.85°C, 5953.73 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Enthalpies of Praseodymium
| Heat of Fusion | 6.9 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 330 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Praseodymium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Praseodymium
Praseodymium has 39 isotopes, with between 121 and 159 nucleons. Praseodymium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Praseodymium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 141Pr.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121Pr | 59 | 62 | 121 | Synthetic | ||
| 122Pr | 59 | 63 | 122 | Synthetic | ||
| 123Pr | 59 | 64 | 123 | Synthetic | ||
| 124Pr | 59 | 65 | 124 | Synthetic | ||
| 125Pr | 59 | 66 | 125 | Synthetic | ||
| 126Pr | 59 | 67 | 126 | Synthetic | ||
| 127Pr | 59 | 68 | 127 | Synthetic | ||
| 128Pr | 59 | 69 | 128 | Synthetic | ||
| 129Pr | 59 | 70 | 129 | Synthetic | ||
| 130Pr | 59 | 71 | 130 | Synthetic | ||
| 131Pr | 59 | 72 | 131 | Synthetic | ||
| 132Pr | 59 | 73 | 132 | Synthetic | ||
| 133Pr | 59 | 74 | 133 | Synthetic | ||
| 134Pr | 59 | 75 | 134 | Synthetic | ||
| 135Pr | 59 | 76 | 135 | Synthetic | ||
| 136Pr | 59 | 77 | 136 | Synthetic | ||
| 137Pr | 59 | 78 | 137 | Synthetic | ||
| 138Pr | 59 | 79 | 138 | Synthetic | ||
| 139Pr | 59 | 80 | 139 | Synthetic | ||
| 140Pr | 59 | 81 | 140 | Synthetic | ||
| 141Pr | 59 | 82 | 141 | 100% | Stable | |
| 142Pr | 59 | 83 | 142 | Synthetic | ||
| 143Pr | 59 | 84 | 143 | Synthetic | ||
| 144Pr | 59 | 85 | 144 | Synthetic | ||
| 145Pr | 59 | 86 | 145 | Synthetic | ||
| 146Pr | 59 | 87 | 146 | Synthetic | ||
| 147Pr | 59 | 88 | 147 | Synthetic | ||
| 148Pr | 59 | 89 | 148 | Synthetic | ||
| 149Pr | 59 | 90 | 149 | Synthetic | ||
| 150Pr | 59 | 91 | 150 | Synthetic | ||
| 151Pr | 59 | 92 | 151 | Synthetic | ||
| 152Pr | 59 | 93 | 152 | Synthetic | ||
| 153Pr | 59 | 94 | 153 | Synthetic | ||
| 154Pr | 59 | 95 | 154 | Synthetic | ||
| 155Pr | 59 | 96 | 155 | Synthetic | ||
| 156Pr | 59 | 97 | 156 | Synthetic | ||
| 157Pr | 59 | 98 | 157 | Synthetic | ||
| 158Pr | 59 | 99 | 158 | Synthetic | ||
| 159Pr | 59 | 100 | 159 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-10-0 |
| RTECS Number | - |
| CID Number | CID23942 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Praseodymium with other elements
Compare Praseodymium with all Group elements
Compare Praseodymium with all Period 6 elements
Compare Praseodymium with all Lanthanide elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Praseodymium?
The electronic configuration of Praseodymium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f3 6s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Praseodymium?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Praseodymium is [Xe] 4f3 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Praseodymium?
Symbol of Praseodymium is Pr. Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59.
What is the position of Praseodymium in the Periodic Table?
Praseodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is the 59 element on the periodic table. It is located in group null and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Praseodymium?
The atomic number of Praseodymium is 59.
What is the color of Praseodymium?
Praseodymium is of Silver color.
Who discovered Praseodymium?
The element Praseodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Praseodymium was first isolated by undefined in undefined.
How many valence electrons does a Praseodymium atom have?
Praseodymium has 4 valence electrons. Praseodymium has 59 electrons out of which 4 valence electrons are present in the 4f3 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Praseodymium?
Melting Point of Praseodymium is 1204 K.
What is the boiling Point of Praseodymium?
Boiling Point of Praseodymium is 3563 K.
What is the melting Point of Praseodymium in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Praseodymium in Kelvin is 1204 K.
What is the boiling Point of Praseodymium in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Praseodymium in Kelvin is 3563 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Praseodymium 59?
The electronic configuration of Praseodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f3 6s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Praseodymium?
The electronic configuration of Praseodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f3 6s2.