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F Fluorine
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

9
F
Fluorine
Element 9 of Periodic table is Fluorine with atomic number 9, atomic weight 18.9984032. Fluorine, symbol F, has a Base Centered Monoclinic structure and Colorless color. Fluorine is a Halogens element. It is part of group 17 (fluorine family). Know everything about Fluorine Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
9 F - Fluorine | SchoolMyKids

Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.

It belongs to group 17 of the periodic table having trivial name halogens. You can also download Printable Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards for Fluorine in a PDF format.

Fluorine Facts

Read key information and facts about element Fluorine

NameFluorine
Atomic Number9
Atomic SymbolF
Atomic Weight18.9984032
PhaseGas(Diatomic Gas)
ColorColorless
Appearance-
ClassificationHalogens
Natural OccurancePrimordial
Group in Periodic Table17
Group Namefluorine family
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 2
Block in Periodic Tablep-block
Electronic Configuration[He] 2s2 2p5
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 7
Melting Point53.5 K
Boiling Point85.03 K
CAS NumberCAS7782-41-4
Neighborhood Elements
123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

How to Locate Fluorine on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 9 to find Fluorine on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Fluorine on periodic table look for cross section of group 17 and period 2 in the modern periodic table.

Fluorine History

The element Fluorine was discovered by A.-M. Ampère in year 1810 in France. Fluorine was first isolated by H. Moissan in 1886. Fluorine derived its name from the Latin fluere, meaning 'to flow'.

Discovered By A.-M. Ampère
Discovery Date 1810 in France
First Isolation 1886
Isolated by H. Moissan

Radical fluorique appears on the list of elements in Lavoisier'sTraité Élémentaire de Chimie from 1789, but radical muriatique also appears instead of chlorine. André-Marie Ampère predicted an element analogous to chlorine obtainable fromhydrofluoric acid, and between 1812 and 1886 many researchers tried to obtain this element. It was eventually isolated by Moissan.

Fluorine Uses

Fluorine is a common addition to drinking water and is used as a cleaning agent in toothpaste. The chemical can dissolve glass and is used mainly as an etching compound. It is also used to make uranium hexafluoride, used by the nuclear power industry to separate uranium isotopes and to make sulfur hexafluoride, the insulating gas for high-power electricity transformers. Fluorine is additionally used in many solvents and high-temperature plastics, such as Teflon and Gore-Tex®.

Fluorine Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Fluorine in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

 ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %)ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Abundance in Universe40030
Abundance in Sun50030
Abundance in Meteorites8900096000
Abundance in Earth's Crust540000590000
Abundance in Oceans1300420
Abundance in Humans3700012000

Crystal Structure of Fluorine

The solid state structure of Fluorine is Base Centered Monoclinic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc
550 pm328 pm728 pm

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma
π/2 π/2 π/2

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group NameC12/c1
Space Group Number15
Crystal StructureBase Centered Monoclinic
Number of atoms per unit cell
9 F Fluorine - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Fluorine Atomic and Orbital Properties

Fluorine atoms have 9 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 7] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2P3/2.

Atomic Number9
Number of Electrons (with no charge)9
Number of Protons9
Mass Number19
Number of Neutrons10
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 7
Electron Configuration[He] 2s2 2p5
Valence Electrons2s2 2p5
Valence (Valency)1
Main Oxidation States-1
Oxidation States-1, 0
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)2P3/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Fluorine - Electrons per energy level

9 F Fluorine Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids
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Ground State Electronic Configuration of Fluorine - neutral Fluorine atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Fluorine

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Fluorine atom is [He] 2s2 2p5. The portion of Fluorine configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [He]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 2s2 2p5, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Fluorine

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Fluorine atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p5

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

  • As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…
  • The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.
  • Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.
  • Electron configuration of Fluorine
    Atomic Structure of Fluorine

    Fluorine atomic radius is 42 pm, while it's covalent radius is 71 pm.

    Atomic Radius Calculated

    42 pm(0.42 Å)

    Atomic Radius Empirical

    50 pm (0.5 Å)

    Atomic Volume11.202 cm3/mol
    Covalent Radius71 pm (0.71 Å)
    Van der Waals Radius147 pm
    Neutron Cross Section0.0096
    Neutron Mass Absorption 0.00002

    Spectral Lines of Fluorine - Atomic Spectrum of Fluorine

    A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

    Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

    Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

    Emission spectrum of Fluorine

    Emission Spectrum of Fluorine | SchoolMyKids

    Absorption spectrum of Fluorine

    Absorption Spectrum of Fluorine | SchoolMyKids

    Fluorine Chemical Properties: Fluorine Ionization Energies and electron affinity

    The electron affinity of Fluorine is 328 kJ/mol.

    Valence1
    Electronegativity3.98
    ElectronAffinity328 kJ/mol

    Ionization Energy of Fluorine

    Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

    Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Fluorine

    Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol
    1st1681
    2nd3374.2
    3rd6050.4
    4th8407.7
    5th11022.7
    6th15164.1
    7th17868
    8th92038.1
    9th106434.3

    Fluorine Physical Properties

    Refer to below table for Fluorine Physical Properties

    Density0.001696 g/cm3
    Molar Volume11.202 cm3/mol

    Elastic Properties

    Young Modulus-
    Shear Modulus-
    Bulk Modulus -
    Poisson Ratio-

    Hardness of Fluorine - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

    Mohs Hardness-
    Vickers Hardness-
    Brinell Hardness-

    Fluorine Electrical Properties

    Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

    Fluorine is a -. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Fluorine

    Electrical conductors -
    Electrical Conductivity-
    Resistivity-
    Superconducting Point-

    Fluorine Heat and Conduction Properties

    Thermal Conductivity0.0277 W/(m K)
    Thermal Expansion-

    Fluorine Magnetic Properties

    Magnetic Type-
    Curie Point-
    Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-
    Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-
    Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-

    Optical Properties of Fluorine

    Refractive Index1.000195

    Acoustic Properties of Fluorine

    Speed of Sound-

    Fluorine Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

    Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Fluorine

    Melting Point53.5 K(-219.65 °C, -363.370 °F)
    Boiling Point85.03 K(-188.12 °C, -306.616 °F)
    Critical Temperature144.13 K
    Superconducting Point-

    Enthalpies of Fluorine

    Heat of Fusion0.26 kJ/mol
    Heat of Vaporization3.27 kJ/mol
    Heat of Combustion-

    Fluorine Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Fluorine

    Fluorine has 18 isotopes, with between 14 and 31 nucleons. Fluorine has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

    Isotopes of Fluorine - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 19F.

    IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode
    14F9514Synthetic
    15F9615Synthetic
    16F9716Synthetic
    17F9817Synthetic
    18F9918Synthetic
    19F91019100%Stable
    20F91120Synthetic
    21F91221Synthetic
    22F91322Synthetic
    23F91423Synthetic
    24F91524Synthetic
    25F91625Synthetic
    26F91726Synthetic
    27F91827Synthetic
    28F91928Synthetic
    29F92029Synthetic
    30F92130Synthetic
    31F92231Synthetic

    Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

    The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identifies hazard class of all dangerous elements/goods/commodities either by its class (or division) number or name. The DOT has divided these materials into nine different categories, known as Hazard Classes.

    Toxic gases

    NFPA 704 is a Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. NFPA is a standard maintained by the US based National Fire Protection Association.

    The health (blue), flammability (red), and reactivity (yellow) rating all use a numbering scale ranging from 0 to 4. A value of zero means that the element poses no hazard; a rating of four indicates extreme danger.

    NFPA Fire Rating0Will not burn
    NFPA Health Rating4 Flash Points below 22.8°C (73°F)
    NFPA Reactivity Rating4 Flash Points below 22.8°C (73°F)
    NFPA HazardsOX WOxidizing Agent, Water Reactive
    0
    4
    4
    OX W
    Autoignition Point-
    Flashpoint-

    Database Search

    List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases

    DatabaseIdentifier number
    CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)CAS7782-41-4
    RTECS NumberRTECSLM6475000
    CID Number CID24524
    Gmelin NumberGmelin16281
    NSC Number-

    FAQs

    What is the electronic configuration of Fluorine?

    The electronic configuration of Fluorine is 1s2 2s2 2p5.

    What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Fluorine?

    The abbreviated electronic configuration of Fluorine is [He] 2s2 2p5. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.

    What is the symbol of Fluorine?

    Symbol of Fluorine is F. Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.

    What is the position of Fluorine in the Periodic Table?

    Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. Fluorine is the 9 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 17 and period 2 in the modern periodic table.

    What is the atomic number of Fluorine?

    The atomic number of Fluorine is 9.

    What is the color of Fluorine?

    Fluorine is Colorless.

    Who discovered Fluorine?

    The element Fluorine was discovered by A.-M. Ampère in year 1810 in France. Fluorine was first isolated by H. Moissan in 1886.

    How many valence electrons does a Fluorine atom have?

    Fluorine has 1 valence electrons. Fluorine has 9 electrons out of which 1 valence electrons are present in the 2s2 2p5 outer orbitals of atom.

    What is the melting Point of Fluorine?

    Melting Point of Fluorine is 53.5 K.

    What is the boiling Point of Fluorine?

    Boiling Point of Fluorine is 85.03 K.

    What is the melting Point of Fluorine in Kelvin?

    Melting Point of Fluorine in Kelvin is 53.5 K.

    What is the boiling Point of Fluorine in Kelvin?

    Boiling Point of Fluorine in Kelvin is 85.03 K.

    What is the melting Point of Fluorine in Celsius?

    Melting Point of Fluorine in Celsius is -219.65 °C.

    What is the boiling Point of Fluorine in Celsius?

    Boiling Point of Fluorine in Celsius is -188.12 °C.

    What is the melting Point of Fluorine in Fahrenheit?

    Melting Point of Fluorine in Fahrenheit is -363.37 °F.

    What is the boiling Point of Fluorine in Fahrenheit?

    Boiling Point of Fluorine in Fahrenheit is -306.62 °F.

    What is the electronic configuration of Fluorine 9?

    The electronic configuration of Fluorine will be 1s2 2s2 2p5.

    How do you write the electron configuration for Fluorine?

    The electronic configuration of Fluorine will be 1s2 2s2 2p5.