N Nitrogen
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Nitrogen is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	P63/mmc
Space Group Number	194
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell

Nitrogen atoms have 7 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 5] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ⁴S_3/2.

Atomic Number	7
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	7
Number of Protons	7
Mass Number	14
Number of Neutrons	7
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 5
Electron Configuration	[He] 2s2 2p3
Valence Electrons	2s2 2p3
Valence (Valency)	3
Main Oxidation States	-3, 3, 5
Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	4S3/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Nitrogen - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Nitrogen - neutral Nitrogen atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Nitrogen

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Nitrogen atom is [He] 2s2 2p3. The portion of Nitrogen configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [He]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 2s2 2p3, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Nitrogen

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Nitrogen atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p3

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Nitrogen

Nitrogen atomic radius is 56 pm, while it's covalent radius is 75 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Nitrogen

The electron affinity of Nitrogen is 7 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Nitrogen

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Nitrogen

Refer to below table for Nitrogen Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Nitrogen - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Nitrogen Electrical Properties

Nitrogen is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofNitrogen

Nitrogen Heat and Conduction Properties

Nitrogen Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Nitrogen

Acoustic Properties of Nitrogen

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Nitrogen

Enthalpies of Nitrogen

Nitrogen has 16 isotopes, with between 10 and 25 nucleons. Nitrogen has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Nitrogen - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 14N, 15N.