Sb Antimony
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray Metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.
It belongs to group 15 of the periodic table having trivial name pentels, pnictogens*.
Antimony Facts
Read key information and facts about element Antimony
| Name | Antimony |
| Atomic Number | 51 |
| Atomic Symbol | Sb |
| Atomic Weight | 121.76 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | silvery lustrous gray |
| Classification | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | 15 |
| Group Name | nitrogen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
| Melting Point | 903.78 K |
| Boiling Point | 1860 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-36-0 |
How to Locate Antimony on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 51 to find Antimony on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Antimony on periodic table look for cross section of group 15 and period 5 in the modern periodic table.
Antimony History
The element Antimony was discovered by Arabic alchemist in year ca. 800 AD in one. Antimony was first isolated by in . Antimony derived its name from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin).
First isolated by Jabir ibn Hayyan , an Arabian alchemist. Basilius Valentinus was the first European to isolate the element.
Antimony Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Antimony in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.4 | 0.004 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 | 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 120 | 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 200 | 30 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.2 | 0.010 |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Antimony
The solid state structure of Antimony is Simple Trigonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 430.7 pm | 430.7 pm | 1127.3 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | R_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 166 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Trigonal |
| Number of atoms per unit cell |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Antimony Atomic and Orbital Properties
Antimony atoms have 51 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 5] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 4S3/2.
| Atomic Number | 51 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 51 |
| Number of Protons | 51 |
| Mass Number | 122 |
| Number of Neutrons | 71 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
| Valence Electrons | 5s2 5p3 |
| Valence (Valency) | 5 |
| Main Oxidation States | -3, 3, 5 |
| Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Antimony - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Antimony - neutral Antimony atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Antimony
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Antimony atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. The portion of Antimony configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5s2 5p3, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Antimony
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Antimony atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Antimony
Antimony atomic radius is 133 pm, while it's covalent radius is 138 pm.
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 133 pm (1.33 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 145 pm (1.45 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 18.181 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | 138 pm (1.38 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | 206 pm |
| Neutron Cross Section | 5.4 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0016 |
Atomic Spectrum of Antimony
Antimony Chemical Properties: Antimony Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Antimony is 103.2 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 2.05 |
| ElectronAffinity | 103.2 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Antimony
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Antimony
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 834 |
| 2nd | 1594.9 |
| 3rd | 2440 |
| 4th | 4260 |
| 5th | 5400 |
| 6th | 10400 |
Antimony Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Antimony Physical Properties
| Density | 6.697 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $6.53 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 18.181 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 55 |
| Shear Modulus | 20 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 42 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - |
Hardness of Antimony - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 3 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 294 MPa |
Antimony Electrical Properties
Antimony is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofAntimony
| Electrical Conductivity | 2500000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Antimony Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 24 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000011 /K |
Antimony Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.09e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.327e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.000073 |
Optical Properties of Antimony
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Antimony
| Speed of Sound | 3420 m/s |
Antimony Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Antimony
| Melting Point | 903.78 K (630.63°C, 1167.134 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 1860 K (1586.85°C, 2888.33 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Enthalpies of Antimony
| Heat of Fusion | 19.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 68 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Antimony Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Antimony
Antimony has 37 isotopes, with between 103 and 139 nucleons. Antimony has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Antimony - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 121Sb, 123Sb.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103Sb | 51 | 52 | 103 | Synthetic | ||
| 104Sb | 51 | 53 | 104 | Synthetic | ||
| 105Sb | 51 | 54 | 105 | Synthetic | ||
| 106Sb | 51 | 55 | 106 | Synthetic | ||
| 107Sb | 51 | 56 | 107 | Synthetic | ||
| 108Sb | 51 | 57 | 108 | Synthetic | ||
| 109Sb | 51 | 58 | 109 | Synthetic | ||
| 110Sb | 51 | 59 | 110 | Synthetic | ||
| 111Sb | 51 | 60 | 111 | Synthetic | ||
| 112Sb | 51 | 61 | 112 | Synthetic | ||
| 113Sb | 51 | 62 | 113 | Synthetic | ||
| 114Sb | 51 | 63 | 114 | Synthetic | ||
| 115Sb | 51 | 64 | 115 | Synthetic | ||
| 116Sb | 51 | 65 | 116 | Synthetic | ||
| 117Sb | 51 | 66 | 117 | Synthetic | ||
| 118Sb | 51 | 67 | 118 | Synthetic | ||
| 119Sb | 51 | 68 | 119 | Synthetic | ||
| 120Sb | 51 | 69 | 120 | Synthetic | ||
| 121Sb | 51 | 70 | 121 | 57.21% | Stable | N/A |
| 122Sb | 51 | 71 | 122 | Synthetic | Stable | |
| 123Sb | 51 | 72 | 123 | 42.79% | Stable | N/A |
| 124Sb | 51 | 73 | 124 | Synthetic | ||
| 125Sb | 51 | 74 | 125 | Synthetic | ||
| 126Sb | 51 | 75 | 126 | Synthetic | ||
| 127Sb | 51 | 76 | 127 | Synthetic | ||
| 128Sb | 51 | 77 | 128 | Synthetic | ||
| 129Sb | 51 | 78 | 129 | Synthetic | ||
| 130Sb | 51 | 79 | 130 | Synthetic | ||
| 131Sb | 51 | 80 | 131 | Synthetic | ||
| 132Sb | 51 | 81 | 132 | Synthetic | ||
| 133Sb | 51 | 82 | 133 | Synthetic | ||
| 134Sb | 51 | 83 | 134 | Synthetic | ||
| 135Sb | 51 | 84 | 135 | Synthetic | ||
| 136Sb | 51 | 85 | 136 | Synthetic | ||
| 137Sb | 51 | 86 | 137 | Synthetic | ||
| 138Sb | 51 | 87 | 138 | Synthetic | ||
| 139Sb | 51 | 88 | 139 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| DOT Hazard Class | {N/A} |
| DOT Numbers | "N/A" |
| EU Number | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | {N/A} |
| NFPA Hazards | N/ A |
| NFPA Health Rating | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | {N/A} |
| Autoignition Point | - |
| Flashpoint | - |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-36-0 |
| RTECS Number | {RTECSCC4025000} |
| CID Number | {CID5354495} |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Antimony with other elements
Compare Antimony with all Group 15 elements
Compare Antimony with all Period 5 elements
Compare Antimony with all Metalloid elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Antimony?
The electronic configuration of Antimony is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Antimony?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Antimony is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Antimony?
Symbol of Antimony is Sb. Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb and atomic number 51.
What is the position of Antimony in the Periodic Table?
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb and atomic number 51. Antimony is the 51 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 15 and period 5 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Antimony?
The atomic number of Antimony is 51.
What is the color of Antimony?
Antimony is of Silver color.
Who discovered Antimony?
The element Antimony was discovered by Arabic alchemist in year ca. 800 AD in one. Antimony was first isolated by in .
How many valence electrons does a Antimony atom have?
Antimony has 5 valence electrons. Antimony has 51 electrons out of which 5 valence electrons are present in the 5s2 5p3 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Antimony?
Melting Point of Antimony is 903.78 K.
What is the boiling Point of Antimony?
Boiling Point of Antimony is 1860 K.
What is the melting Point of Antimony in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Antimony in Kelvin is 903.78 K.
What is the boiling Point of Antimony in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Antimony in Kelvin is 1860 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Antimony 51?
The electronic configuration of Antimony will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3.
How do you write the electron configuration for Antimony?
The electronic configuration of Antimony will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3.