Be Beryllium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Beryllium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	P63/mmc
Space Group Number	194
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell

Beryllium atoms have 4 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ¹S₀.

Atomic Number	4
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	4
Number of Protons	4
Mass Number	9
Number of Neutrons	5
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 2
Electron Configuration	[He] 2s2
Valence Electrons	2s2
Valence (Valency)	2
Main Oxidation States	2
Oxidation States	0, 1, 2
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	1S0

Bohr Atomic Model of Beryllium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Beryllium - neutral Beryllium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Beryllium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Beryllium atom is [He] 2s2. The portion of Beryllium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [He]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 2s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Beryllium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Beryllium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Beryllium

Beryllium atomic radius is 112 pm, while it's covalent radius is 90 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Beryllium

The electron affinity of Beryllium is 0 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Beryllium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Beryllium

Refer to below table for Beryllium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Beryllium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Beryllium Electrical Properties

Beryllium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofBeryllium

Beryllium Heat and Conduction Properties

Beryllium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Beryllium

Acoustic Properties of Beryllium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Beryllium

Enthalpies of Beryllium

Beryllium has 12 isotopes, with between 5 and 16 nucleons. Beryllium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Beryllium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 9Be.