Np Neptunium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Neptunium is Simple Orthorhombic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Pnma
Space Group Number	62
Crystal Structure	Simple Orthorhombic
Number of atoms per unit cell

Neptunium atoms have 93 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ⁶L_11/2.

Atomic Number	93
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	93
Number of Protons	93
Mass Number	237
Number of Neutrons	144
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2
Electron Configuration	[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Valence Electrons	5f4 6d1 7s2
Valence (Valency)	6
Main Oxidation States	5
Oxidation States	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	6L11/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Neptunium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Neptunium - neutral Neptunium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Neptunium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Neptunium atom is [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2. The portion of Neptunium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Rn]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5f4 6d1 7s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Neptunium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Neptunium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f4 6d1 7s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Neptunium

Neptunium atomic radius is 175 pm, while it's covalent radius is - .

Atomic Spectrum of Neptunium

The electron affinity of Neptunium is - .

Ionization Energy of Neptunium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Neptunium

Refer to below table for Neptunium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Neptunium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Neptunium Electrical Properties

Neptunium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofNeptunium

Neptunium Heat and Conduction Properties

Neptunium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Neptunium

Acoustic Properties of Neptunium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Neptunium

Enthalpies of Neptunium

Neptunium has 20 isotopes, with between 225 and 244 nucleons. Neptunium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Neptunium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: -.