Mn Manganese
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
It belongs to group 7 of the periodic table having trivial name .
Manganese Facts
Read key information and facts about element Manganese
| Name | Manganese |
| Atomic Number | 25 |
| Atomic Symbol | Mn |
| Atomic Weight | 54.938049 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | silvery metallic |
| Classification | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 7 |
| Group Name | manganese family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 13, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1519 K |
| Boiling Point | 2334 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-96-5 |
How to Locate Manganese on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 25 to find Manganese on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Manganese on periodic table look for cross section of group 7 and period 4 in the modern periodic table.
Manganese History
The element Manganese was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1774 in Sweden. Manganese was first isolated by G. Gahn in 1774. Manganese derived its name from magnesia negra.
Distinguished pyrolusiteas the calx of a new metal. Ignatius Gottfred Kaimal so discovered the new metal in 1770, as did Scheele in 1774. It was isolated by reduction ofmanganese dioxidewith carbon.
Manganese Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Manganese in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 8000 | 200 |
| Abundance in Sun | 10000 | 200 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 2800000 | 920000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1100000 | 420000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 2 | 0.23 |
| Abundance in Humans | 200 | 23 |
Crystal Structure of Manganese
The solid state structure of Manganese is Body Centered Cubic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 891.25 pm | 891.25 pm | 891.25 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | I_ 43m |
| Space Group Number | 217 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic |
| Number of atoms per unit cell | 2 |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Manganese Atomic and Orbital Properties
Manganese atoms have 25 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 13, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 6S5/2.
| Atomic Number | 25 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 25 |
| Number of Protons | 25 |
| Mass Number | 55 |
| Number of Neutrons | 30 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 13, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d5 4s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 4 |
| Main Oxidation States | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 |
| Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 6S5/2 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Manganese - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Manganese - neutral Manganese atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Manganese
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Manganese atom is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. The portion of Manganese configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d5 4s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Manganese
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Manganese atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Manganese
Manganese atomic radius is 161 pm, while it's covalent radius is 139 pm.
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 161 pm (1.61 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 140 pm (1.4 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 7.3545 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | 139 pm (1.39 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 13.3 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0083 |
Atomic Spectrum of Manganese
Manganese Chemical Properties: Manganese Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Manganese is 0 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.55 |
| ElectronAffinity | 0 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Manganese
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Manganese
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 717.3 |
| 2nd | 1509 |
| 3rd | 3248 |
| 4th | 4940 |
| 5th | 6990 |
| 6th | 9220 |
| 7th | 11500 |
| 8th | 18770 |
| 9th | 21400 |
| 10th | 23960 |
| 11th | 27590 |
| 12th | 30330 |
| 13th | 33150 |
| 14th | 38880 |
| 15th | 41987 |
| 16th | 109480 |
| 17th | 118100 |
| 18th | 127100 |
| 19th | 138600 |
| 20th | 148500 |
| 21st | 158600 |
| 22nd | 172500 |
| 23rd | 181380 |
| 24th | 785450 |
| 25th | 827067 |
Manganese Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Manganese Physical Properties
| Density | 7.47 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $5.95 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 7.3545 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 198 |
| Shear Modulus | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 120 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - |
Hardness of Manganese - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 196 MPa |
Manganese Electrical Properties
Manganese is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofManganese
| Electrical Conductivity | 620000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.0000016 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Manganese Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 7.8 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000217 /K |
Manganese Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.21e-7 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.6475e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.00090387 |
Optical Properties of Manganese
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Manganese
| Speed of Sound | 5150 m/s |
Manganese Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Manganese
| Melting Point | 1519 K (1245.85°C, 2274.5299999999997 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 2334 K (2060.85°C, 3741.5299999999997 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Enthalpies of Manganese
| Heat of Fusion | 13.2 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 220 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Manganese Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Manganese
Manganese has 26 isotopes, with between 44 and 69 nucleons. Manganese has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Manganese - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 55Mn.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44Mn | 25 | 19 | 44 | Synthetic | ||
| 45Mn | 25 | 20 | 45 | Synthetic | ||
| 46Mn | 25 | 21 | 46 | Synthetic | ||
| 47Mn | 25 | 22 | 47 | Synthetic | ||
| 48Mn | 25 | 23 | 48 | Synthetic | ||
| 49Mn | 25 | 24 | 49 | Synthetic | ||
| 50Mn | 25 | 25 | 50 | Synthetic | ||
| 51Mn | 25 | 26 | 51 | Synthetic | ||
| 52Mn | 25 | 27 | 52 | Synthetic | ||
| 53Mn | 25 | 28 | 53 | Synthetic | ||
| 54Mn | 25 | 29 | 54 | Synthetic | ||
| 55Mn | 25 | 30 | 55 | 100% | Stable | |
| 56Mn | 25 | 31 | 56 | Synthetic | ||
| 57Mn | 25 | 32 | 57 | Synthetic | ||
| 58Mn | 25 | 33 | 58 | Synthetic | ||
| 59Mn | 25 | 34 | 59 | Synthetic | ||
| 60Mn | 25 | 35 | 60 | Synthetic | ||
| 61Mn | 25 | 36 | 61 | Synthetic | ||
| 62Mn | 25 | 37 | 62 | Synthetic | ||
| 63Mn | 25 | 38 | 63 | Synthetic | ||
| 64Mn | 25 | 39 | 64 | Synthetic | ||
| 65Mn | 25 | 40 | 65 | Synthetic | ||
| 66Mn | 25 | 41 | 66 | Synthetic | ||
| 67Mn | 25 | 42 | 67 | Synthetic | ||
| 68Mn | 25 | 43 | 68 | Synthetic | ||
| 69Mn | 25 | 44 | 69 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7439-96-5 |
| RTECS Number | - |
| CID Number | CID23930 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Manganese with other elements
Compare Manganese with all Group 7 elements
Compare Manganese with all Period 4 elements
Compare Manganese with all Transition Metal elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Manganese?
The electronic configuration of Manganese is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Manganese?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Manganese is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Manganese?
Symbol of Manganese is Mn. Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
What is the position of Manganese in the Periodic Table?
Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. Manganese is the 25 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 7 and period 4 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Manganese?
The atomic number of Manganese is 25.
What is the color of Manganese?
Manganese is of Silver color.
Who discovered Manganese?
The element Manganese was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1774 in Sweden. Manganese was first isolated by G. Gahn in 1774.
How many valence electrons does a Manganese atom have?
Manganese has 4 valence electrons. Manganese has 25 electrons out of which 4 valence electrons are present in the 3d5 4s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Manganese?
Melting Point of Manganese is 1519 K.
What is the boiling Point of Manganese?
Boiling Point of Manganese is 2334 K.
What is the melting Point of Manganese in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Manganese in Kelvin is 1519 K.
What is the boiling Point of Manganese in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Manganese in Kelvin is 2334 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Manganese 25?
The electronic configuration of Manganese will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Manganese?
The electronic configuration of Manganese will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2.