Rf Rutherfordium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Rutherfordium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	-
Space Group Number	-
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell

Rutherfordium atoms have 104 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ³F₂.

Atomic Number	104
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	104
Number of Protons	104
Mass Number	261
Number of Neutrons	157
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Electron Configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Valence Electrons	6d2 7s2
Valence (Valency)	4
Main Oxidation States	4
Oxidation States	4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	3F2

Bohr Atomic Model of Rutherfordium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Rutherfordium - neutral Rutherfordium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Rutherfordium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Rutherfordium atom is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2. The portion of Rutherfordium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Rn]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 6d2 7s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Rutherfordium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Rutherfordium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium atomic radius is - , while it's covalent radius is - .

Atomic Spectrum of Rutherfordium

The electron affinity of Rutherfordium is - .

Ionization Energy of Rutherfordium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Rutherfordium

Refer to below table for Rutherfordium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Rutherfordium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Rutherfordium Electrical Properties

Rutherfordium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofRutherfordium

Rutherfordium Heat and Conduction Properties

Rutherfordium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Rutherfordium

Acoustic Properties of Rutherfordium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Rutherfordium

Enthalpies of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium has 16 isotopes, with between 253 and 268 nucleons. Rutherfordium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Rutherfordium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: -.