Ba Barium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

The solid state structure of Barium is Body Centered Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Im_ 3m
Space Group Number	229
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic
Number of atoms per unit cell	2

Barium atoms have 56 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ¹S₀.

Atomic Number	56
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	56
Number of Protons	56
Mass Number	137
Number of Neutrons	81
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
Electron Configuration	[Xe] 6s2
Valence Electrons	6s2
Valence (Valency)	2
Main Oxidation States	2
Oxidation States	1, 2
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	1S0

Bohr Atomic Model of Barium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Barium - neutral Barium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Barium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Barium atom is [Xe] 6s2. The portion of Barium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Barium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Barium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Barium

Barium atomic radius is 253 pm, while it's covalent radius is 198 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Barium

The electron affinity of Barium is 13.95 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Barium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Barium

Refer to below table for Barium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Barium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Barium Electrical Properties

Barium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofBarium

Barium Heat and Conduction Properties

Barium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Barium

Acoustic Properties of Barium

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Barium

Enthalpies of Barium

Barium has 40 isotopes, with between 114 and 153 nucleons. Barium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Barium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 130Ba, 132Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 138Ba.