Nd Neodymium
Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
It belongs to group of the periodic table having trivial name .
Neodymium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Neodymium
| Name | Neodymium |
| Atomic Number | 60 |
| Atomic Symbol | Nd |
| Atomic Weight | 144.24 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | - |
| Group Name | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1294 K |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-00-8 |
How to Locate Neodymium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 60 to find Neodymium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Neodymium on periodic table look for cross section of group - and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
Neodymium History
The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium was first isolated by in . Neodymium derived its name from the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'.
Von Welsbach discovered two new distinct elements in Mosander's didymia: praseodymium and neodymium.
Neodymium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Neodymium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 | 0.09 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3 | 0.02 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 510 | 70 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 33000 | 4800 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0028 | 0.00012 |
| Abundance in Humans | - | - |
Crystal Structure of Neodymium
The solid state structure of Neodymium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 365.8 pm | 365.8 pm | 1179.9 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Number of atoms per unit cell |
The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.
Neodymium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Neodymium atoms have 60 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 5I4.
| Atomic Number | 60 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 60 |
| Number of Protons | 60 |
| Mass Number | 144 |
| Number of Neutrons | 84 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f4 6s2 |
| Valence (Valency) | 3 |
| Main Oxidation States | 3 |
| Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 5I4 |
Bohr Atomic Model of Neodymium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f |
|---|
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Neodymium - neutral Neodymium atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Neodymium
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Neodymium atom is [Xe] 4f4 6s2. The portion of Neodymium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f4 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Neodymium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Neodymium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
Atomic Structure of Neodymium
Neodymium atomic radius is 206 pm, while it's covalent radius is - .
| Atomic Radius Calculated | 206 pm (2.06 Å) |
| Atomic Radius Empirical | 185 pm (1.85 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol |
| Covalent Radius | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - |
| Neutron Cross Section | 49 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011 |
Atomic Spectrum of Neodymium
Neodymium Chemical Properties: Neodymium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Neodymium is 50 kJ/mol.
| Valence | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.14 |
| ElectronAffinity | 50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Neodymium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Neodymium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1st | 533.1 |
| 2nd | 1040 |
| 3rd | 2130 |
| 4th | 3900 |
Neodymium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Neodymium Physical Properties
| Density | 7.01 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $6.89 g/cm3) |
| Molar Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 41 |
| Shear Modulus | 16 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 32 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 |
Hardness of Neodymium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 343 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 265 MPa |
Neodymium Electrical Properties
Neodymium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofNeodymium
| Electrical Conductivity | 1600000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6.4e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Neodymium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 17 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000096 /K |
Neodymium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.8e-7 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.9235e-8 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0033648 |
Optical Properties of Neodymium
| Refractive Index | - |
Acoustic Properties of Neodymium
| Speed of Sound | 2330 m/s |
Neodymium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Neodymium
| Melting Point | 1294 K (1020.85°C, 1869.53 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K (3099.85°C, 5611.73 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | - |
| Superconducting Point | - |
Enthalpies of Neodymium
| Heat of Fusion | 7.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 285 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - |
Neodymium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Neodymium
Neodymium has 38 isotopes, with between 124 and 161 nucleons. Neodymium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Isotopes of Neodymium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 142Nd, 143Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 148Nd.
| Isotope | Z | N | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 124Nd | 60 | 64 | 124 | Synthetic | ||
| 125Nd | 60 | 65 | 125 | Synthetic | ||
| 126Nd | 60 | 66 | 126 | Synthetic | ||
| 127Nd | 60 | 67 | 127 | Synthetic | ||
| 128Nd | 60 | 68 | 128 | Synthetic | ||
| 129Nd | 60 | 69 | 129 | Synthetic | ||
| 130Nd | 60 | 70 | 130 | Synthetic | ||
| 131Nd | 60 | 71 | 131 | Synthetic | ||
| 132Nd | 60 | 72 | 132 | Synthetic | ||
| 133Nd | 60 | 73 | 133 | Synthetic | ||
| 134Nd | 60 | 74 | 134 | Synthetic | ||
| 135Nd | 60 | 75 | 135 | Synthetic | ||
| 136Nd | 60 | 76 | 136 | Synthetic | ||
| 137Nd | 60 | 77 | 137 | Synthetic | ||
| 138Nd | 60 | 78 | 138 | Synthetic | ||
| 139Nd | 60 | 79 | 139 | Synthetic | ||
| 140Nd | 60 | 80 | 140 | Synthetic | ||
| 141Nd | 60 | 81 | 141 | Synthetic | ||
| 142Nd | 60 | 82 | 142 | 27.2% | Stable | N/A |
| 143Nd | 60 | 83 | 143 | 12.2% | Stable | N/A |
| 144Nd | 60 | 84 | 144 | 23.8% | Stable | |
| 145Nd | 60 | 85 | 145 | 8.3% | Stable | N/A |
| 146Nd | 60 | 86 | 146 | 17.2% | Stable | N/A |
| 147Nd | 60 | 87 | 147 | Synthetic | ||
| 148Nd | 60 | 88 | 148 | 5.7% | Stable | N/A |
| 149Nd | 60 | 89 | 149 | Synthetic | ||
| 150Nd | 60 | 90 | 150 | 5.6% | Stable | N/A |
| 151Nd | 60 | 91 | 151 | Synthetic | ||
| 152Nd | 60 | 92 | 152 | Synthetic | ||
| 153Nd | 60 | 93 | 153 | Synthetic | ||
| 154Nd | 60 | 94 | 154 | Synthetic | ||
| 155Nd | 60 | 95 | 155 | Synthetic | ||
| 156Nd | 60 | 96 | 156 | Synthetic | ||
| 157Nd | 60 | 97 | 157 | Synthetic | ||
| 158Nd | 60 | 98 | 158 | Synthetic | ||
| 159Nd | 60 | 99 | 159 | Synthetic | ||
| 160Nd | 60 | 100 | 160 | Synthetic | ||
| 161Nd | 60 | 101 | 161 | Synthetic |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-00-8 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSQO8575000 |
| CID Number | CID23934 |
| Gmelin Number | - |
| NSC Number | - |
Compare Neodymium with other elements
Compare Neodymium with all Group elements
Compare Neodymium with all Period 6 elements
Compare Neodymium with all Lanthanide elements
FAQs
What is the electronic configuration of Neodymium?
The electronic configuration of Neodymium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.
What is the abbreviated electronic configuration of Neodymium?
The abbreviated electronic configuration of Neodymium is [Xe] 4f4 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.
What is the symbol of Neodymium?
Symbol of Neodymium is Nd. Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
What is the position of Neodymium in the Periodic Table?
Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium is the 60 element on the periodic table. It is located in group null and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
What is the atomic number of Neodymium?
The atomic number of Neodymium is 60.
What is the color of Neodymium?
Neodymium is of Silver color.
Who discovered Neodymium?
The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium was first isolated by undefined in undefined.
How many valence electrons does a Neodymium atom have?
Neodymium has 3 valence electrons. Neodymium has 60 electrons out of which 3 valence electrons are present in the 4f4 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.
What is the melting Point of Neodymium?
Melting Point of Neodymium is 1294 K.
What is the boiling Point of Neodymium?
Boiling Point of Neodymium is 3373 K.
What is the melting Point of Neodymium in Kelvin?
Melting Point of Neodymium in Kelvin is 1294 K.
What is the boiling Point of Neodymium in Kelvin?
Boiling Point of Neodymium in Kelvin is 3373 K.
What is the electronic configuration of Neodymium 60?
The electronic configuration of Neodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.
How do you write the electron configuration for Neodymium?
The electronic configuration of Neodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.