Nd - Neodymium

60
Nd
Neodymium

Neodymium Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

Element 60 of Periodic table is Neodymium with atomic number 60, atomic weight 144.24. Neodymium, symbol Nd, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Silver color. Neodymium is a Lanthanide element. It is part of group null (). Know everything about Neodymium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
60 Nd - Neodymium | SchoolMyKids

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.

It belongs to group null of the periodic table having trivial name . You can also download Printable Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards for Neodymium in a PDF format.

Neodymium Facts

Read key information and facts about element Neodymium

NameNeodymium
Atomic Number60
Atomic SymbolNd
Atomic Weight144.24
PhaseSolid
ColorSilver
Appearancesilvery white
ClassificationLanthanide
Natural OccurancePrimordial
Group in Periodic Table-
Group Name
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 6
Block in Periodic Tablef-block
Electronic Configuration[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
Melting Point1294 K
Boiling Point3373 K
CAS NumberCAS7440-00-8
Neighborhood Elements
123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

How to Locate Neodymium on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 60 to find Neodymium on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Neodymium on periodic table look for cross section of group - and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

Neodymium History

The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium was first isolated by in . Neodymium derived its name from the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'.

Discovered By C. A. von Welsbach
Discovery Date 1885 in Austria
First Isolation
Isolated by

Von Welsbach discovered two new distinct elements in Mosander's didymia: praseodymium and neodymium.

Neodymium Uses

The major use for neodymium is in an alloy with iron and boron to make strong permanent magnets. Neodymium is used to make flint for lighters and is a component of specialized welders' goggles. Neodymium glass is used to make lasers, while Neodymium oxide and nitrate are used as catalysts in polymerization reactions.

Neodymium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Neodymium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

 ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %)ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Abundance in Universe100.09
Abundance in Sun30.02
Abundance in Meteorites51070
Abundance in Earth's Crust330004800
Abundance in Oceans0.00280.00012
Abundance in Humans--

Crystal Structure of Neodymium

The solid state structure of Neodymium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc
365.8 pm365.8 pm1179.9 pm

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma
π/2 π/2 2 π/3

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell
60 Nd Neodymium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Neodymium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Neodymium atoms have 60 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 5I4.

Atomic Number60
Number of Electrons (with no charge)60
Number of Protons60
Mass Number144
Number of Neutrons84
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Valence Electrons4f4 6s2
Valence (Valency)3
Main Oxidation States3
Oxidation States0, 2, 3, 4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)5I4

Bohr Atomic Model of Neodymium - Electrons per energy level

60 Nd Neodymium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids
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Ground State Electronic Configuration of Neodymium - neutral Neodymium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Neodymium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Neodymium atom is [Xe] 4f4 6s2. The portion of Neodymium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f4 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Neodymium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Neodymium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Electron configuration of Neodymium

Atomic Structure of Neodymium

Neodymium atomic radius is 206 pm, while it's covalent radius is -.

Atomic Radius Calculated206 pm(2.06 Å)
Atomic Radius Empirical185 pm (1.85 Å)
Atomic Volume20.576 cm3/mol
Covalent Radius-
Van der Waals Radius-
Neutron Cross Section49
Neutron Mass Absorption 0.011

Spectral Lines of Neodymium - Atomic Spectrum of Neodymium

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

Emission spectrum of Neodymium

Emission Spectrum of Neodymium | SchoolMyKids

Absorption spectrum of Neodymium

Absorption Spectrum of Neodymium | SchoolMyKids

Neodymium Chemical Properties: Neodymium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Neodymium is 50 kJ/mol.

Valence3
Electronegativity1.14
ElectronAffinity50 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Neodymium

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Neodymium

Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol
1st533.1
2nd1040
3rd2130
4th3900

Neodymium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Neodymium Physical Properties

Density7.01 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $6.89 g/cm3)
Molar Volume20.576 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus41
Shear Modulus16 GPa
Bulk Modulus 32 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.28

Hardness of Neodymium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness-
Vickers Hardness343 MPa
Brinell Hardness265 MPa

Neodymium Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

Neodymium is a conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Neodymium

Electrical conductors Conductor
Electrical Conductivity1600000 S/m
Resistivity6.4e-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point-

Neodymium Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity17 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000096 /K

Neodymium Magnetic Properties

Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie Point-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility4.8e-7 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility6.9235e-8 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0033648

Optical Properties of Neodymium

Refractive Index-

Acoustic Properties of Neodymium

Speed of Sound2330 m/s

Neodymium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Neodymium

Melting Point1294 K(1020.85 °C, 1869.530 °F)
Boiling Point3373 K(3099.85 °C, 5611.730 °F)
Critical Temperature-
Superconducting Point-

Enthalpies of Neodymium

Heat of Fusion7.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization285 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion-

Neodymium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Neodymium

Neodymium has 38 isotopes, with between 124 and 161 nucleons. Neodymium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Neodymium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 142Nd, 143Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 148Nd.

IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode
124Nd6064124Synthetic
125Nd6065125Synthetic
126Nd6066126Synthetic
127Nd6067127Synthetic
128Nd6068128Synthetic
129Nd6069129Synthetic
130Nd6070130Synthetic
131Nd6071131Synthetic
132Nd6072132Synthetic
133Nd6073133Synthetic
134Nd6074134Synthetic
135Nd6075135Synthetic
136Nd6076136Synthetic
137Nd6077137Synthetic
138Nd6078138Synthetic
139Nd6079139Synthetic
140Nd6080140Synthetic
141Nd6081141Synthetic
142Nd608214227.2%StableN/A
143Nd608314312.2%StableN/A
144Nd608414423.8%Stable
145Nd60851458.3%StableN/A
146Nd608614617.2%StableN/A
147Nd6087147Synthetic
148Nd60881485.7%StableN/A
149Nd6089149Synthetic
150Nd60901505.6%StableN/A
151Nd6091151Synthetic
152Nd6092152Synthetic
153Nd6093153Synthetic
154Nd6094154Synthetic
155Nd6095155Synthetic
156Nd6096156Synthetic
157Nd6097157Synthetic
158Nd6098158Synthetic
159Nd6099159Synthetic
160Nd60100160Synthetic
161Nd60101161Synthetic

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identifies hazard class of all dangerous elements/goods/commodities either by its class (or division) number or name. The DOT has divided these materials into nine different categories, known as Hazard Classes.

NFPA 704 is a Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. NFPA is a standard maintained by the US based National Fire Protection Association.

The health (blue), flammability (red), and reactivity (yellow) rating all use a numbering scale ranging from 0 to 4. A value of zero means that the element poses no hazard; a rating of four indicates extreme danger.

Autoignition Point-
Flashpoint-

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases

DatabaseIdentifier number
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)CAS7440-00-8
RTECS NumberRTECSQO8575000
CID Number CID23934
Gmelin Number-
NSC Number-

Compare Neodymium with other elements

Compare Neodymium with Group , Period 6 and Lanthanide elements of the periodic table.

Compare Neodymium with all Group elements

Compare Neodymium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Neodymium with all Lanthanide elements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about Neodymium

The electronic configuration of Neodymium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.

The abbreviated electronic configuration of Neodymium is [Xe] 4f4 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.

Symbol of Neodymium is Nd. Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.

Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium is the 60 element on the periodic table. It is located in group null and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

The atomic number of Neodymium is 60.

Neodymium is of Silver color.

The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium was first isolated by undefined in undefined.

Neodymium has 3 valence electrons. Neodymium has 60 electrons out of which 3 valence electrons are present in the 4f4 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.

Melting Point of Neodymium is 1294 K.

Boiling Point of Neodymium is 3373 K.

Melting Point of Neodymium in Kelvin is 1294 K.

Boiling Point of Neodymium in Kelvin is 3373 K.

Melting Point of Neodymium in Celsius is 1020.85 °C.

Boiling Point of Neodymium in Celsius is 3099.85 °C.

Melting Point of Neodymium in Fahrenheit is 1869.53 °F.

Boiling Point of Neodymium in Fahrenheit is 5611.73 °F.

The electronic configuration of Neodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.

The electronic configuration of Neodymium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f4 6s2.