Re - Rhenium

75
Re
Rhenium

Rhenium Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

Element 75 of Periodic table is Rhenium with atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207. Rhenium, symbol Re, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Gray color. Rhenium is a Transition Metal element. It is part of group 7 (manganese family). Know everything about Rhenium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
75 Re - Rhenium | SchoolMyKids

Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row Transition Metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.

It belongs to group 7 of the periodic table having trivial name null. You can also download Printable Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards for Rhenium in a PDF format.

Rhenium Facts

Read key information and facts about element Rhenium

NameRhenium
Atomic Number75
Atomic SymbolRe
Atomic Weight186.207
PhaseSolid
ColorGray
Appearancesilvery-grayish
ClassificationTransition Metal
Natural OccurancePrimordial
Group in Periodic Table7
Group Namemanganese family
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 6
Block in Periodic Tabled-block
Electronic Configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2
Melting Point3459 K
Boiling Point5869 K
CAS NumberCAS7440-15-5
123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

How to Locate Rhenium on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 75 to find Rhenium on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Rhenium on periodic table look for cross section of group 7 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

Rhenium History

The element Rhenium was discovered by M. Ogawa in year 1908 in Germany. Rhenium was first isolated by M. Ogawa in 1919. Rhenium derived its name from Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine.

Discovered By M. Ogawa
Discovery Date 1908 in Germany
First Isolation 1919
Isolated by M. Ogawa

Ogawa found it inthorianitebut assigned it as element 43 instead of 75 and named it nipponium. In 1925 Walter Noddack,Ida Eva Tacke and Otto Bergannounced its separation from gadolinite and gave it the present name.

Rhenium Uses

Rhenium is a common catalyst in the production of high-octane gasoline. It is also used in alloys for jet engines and as filaments for mass spectrographs

Rhenium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Rhenium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

 ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %)ppb by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Abundance in Universe0.20.001
Abundance in Sun0.10.0005
Abundance in Meteorites505
Abundance in Earth's Crust2.60.3
Abundance in Oceans0.0010.000033
Abundance in Humans--

Crystal Structure of Rhenium

The solid state structure of Rhenium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc
276.1 pm276.1 pm445.6 pm

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma
π/2 π/2 2 π/3

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell
75 Re Rhenium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Rhenium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Rhenium atoms have 75 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 6S5/2.

Atomic Number75
Number of Electrons (with no charge)75
Number of Protons75
Mass Number186
Number of Neutrons111
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Valence Electrons5d5 6s2
Valence (Valency)7
Main Oxidation States4
Oxidation States-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)6S5/2

Bohr Atomic Model of Rhenium - Electrons per energy level

75 Re Rhenium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids
nspdf

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Rhenium - neutral Rhenium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Rhenium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Rhenium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2. The portion of Rhenium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5d5 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Rhenium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Rhenium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d5 6s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Electron configuration of Rhenium

Atomic Structure of Rhenium

Rhenium atomic radius is 188 pm, while it's covalent radius is 159 pm.

Atomic Radius Calculated188 pm(1.88 Å)
Atomic Radius Empirical135 pm (1.35 Å)
Atomic Volume8.86 cm3/mol
Covalent Radius159 pm (1.59 Å)
Van der Waals Radius-
Neutron Cross Section90
Neutron Mass Absorption 0.016

Spectral Lines of Rhenium - Atomic Spectrum of Rhenium

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

Emission spectrum of Rhenium

Emission Spectrum of Rhenium | SchoolMyKids

Absorption spectrum of Rhenium

Absorption Spectrum of Rhenium | SchoolMyKids

Rhenium Chemical Properties: Rhenium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Rhenium is 14.5 kJ/mol.

Valence7
Electronegativity1.9
ElectronAffinity14.5 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Rhenium

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Rhenium

Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol
1st760
2nd1260
3rd2510
4th3640

Rhenium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Rhenium Physical Properties

Density21.02 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $18.9 g/cm3)
Molar Volume8.86 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus463
Shear Modulus178 GPa
Bulk Modulus 370 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.3

Hardness of Rhenium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness7 MPa
Vickers Hardness2450 MPa
Brinell Hardness1320 MPa

Rhenium Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

Rhenium is a conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Rhenium

Electrical conductors Conductor
Electrical Conductivity5600000 S/m
Resistivity1.8e-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point1.7

Rhenium Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity48 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000062 /K

Rhenium Magnetic Properties

Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie Point-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility4.56e-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility8.49e-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0000959

Optical Properties of Rhenium

Refractive Index-

Acoustic Properties of Rhenium

Speed of Sound4700 m/s

Rhenium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Rhenium

Melting Point3459 K(3185.85 °C, 5766.530 °F)
Boiling Point5869 K(5595.85 °C, 10104.530 °F)
Critical Temperature-
Superconducting Point1.7

Enthalpies of Rhenium

Heat of Fusion33 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization705 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion-

Rhenium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Rhenium

Rhenium has 35 isotopes, with between 160 and 194 nucleons. Rhenium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Rhenium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 185Re.

IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode
160Re7585160Synthetic
161Re7586161Synthetic
162Re7587162Synthetic
163Re7588163Synthetic
164Re7589164Synthetic
165Re7590165Synthetic
166Re7591166Synthetic
167Re7592167Synthetic
168Re7593168Synthetic
169Re7594169Synthetic
170Re7595170Synthetic
171Re7596171Synthetic
172Re7597172Synthetic
173Re7598173Synthetic
174Re7599174Synthetic
175Re75100175Synthetic
176Re75101176Synthetic
177Re75102177Synthetic
178Re75103178Synthetic
179Re75104179Synthetic
180Re75105180Synthetic
181Re75106181Synthetic
182Re75107182Synthetic
183Re75108183Synthetic
184Re75109184Synthetic
185Re7511018537.4%StableN/A
186Re75111186SyntheticStable
187Re7511218762.6%StableN/A
188Re75113188Synthetic
189Re75114189Synthetic
190Re75115190Synthetic
191Re75116191Synthetic
192Re75117192Synthetic
193Re75118193Synthetic
194Re75119194Synthetic

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identifies hazard class of all dangerous elements/goods/commodities either by its class (or division) number or name. The DOT has divided these materials into nine different categories, known as Hazard Classes.

NFPA 704 is a Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. NFPA is a standard maintained by the US based National Fire Protection Association.

The health (blue), flammability (red), and reactivity (yellow) rating all use a numbering scale ranging from 0 to 4. A value of zero means that the element poses no hazard; a rating of four indicates extreme danger.

Autoignition Point-
Flashpoint-

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases

DatabaseIdentifier number
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)CAS7440-15-5
RTECS NumberRTECSVI0780000
CID Number CID23947
Gmelin Number-
NSC Number-

Compare Rhenium with other elements

Compare Rhenium with Group 7, Period 6 and Transition Metal elements of the periodic table.

Compare Rhenium with all Group 7 elements

Compare Rhenium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Rhenium with all Transition Metal elements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about Rhenium

The electronic configuration of Rhenium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d5 6s2.

The abbreviated electronic configuration of Rhenium is [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.

Symbol of Rhenium is Re. Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75.

Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. Rhenium is the 75 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 7 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.

The atomic number of Rhenium is 75.

Rhenium is of Gray color.

The element Rhenium was discovered by M. Ogawa in year 1908 in Germany. Rhenium was first isolated by M. Ogawa in 1919.

Rhenium has 7 valence electrons. Rhenium has 75 electrons out of which 7 valence electrons are present in the 5d5 6s2 outer orbitals of atom.

Melting Point of Rhenium is 3459 K.

Boiling Point of Rhenium is 5869 K.

Melting Point of Rhenium in Kelvin is 3459 K.

Boiling Point of Rhenium in Kelvin is 5869 K.

Melting Point of Rhenium in Celsius is 3185.85 °C.

Boiling Point of Rhenium in Celsius is 5595.85 °C.

Melting Point of Rhenium in Fahrenheit is 5766.53 °F.

Boiling Point of Rhenium in Fahrenheit is 10104.53 °F.

The electronic configuration of Rhenium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d5 6s2.

The electronic configuration of Rhenium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d5 6s2.