Compare Protactinium vs Cerium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Protactinium and Cerium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Protactinium and Cerium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Protactinium vs Cerium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Pa vs Ce on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Protactinium and Cerium.
Protactinium and Cerium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Protactinium (Pa) and Cerium (Ce), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
Name | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Number | 91 | 58 |
Atomic Symbol | Pa | Ce |
Atomic Weight | 231.03588 | 140.116 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Actinide | Lanthanide |
Group in Periodic Table | Actinide (no group number) | Lanthanide (no group number) |
Group Name | ||
Period in Periodic Table | period 7 | period 6 |
Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
Melting Point | 1845 K | 1071 K |
Boiling Point | 4273 K | 3633 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-13-3 | CAS7440-45-1 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Protactinium | Neighborhood Elements of Cerium |
History
Parameter | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
History | The element Protactinium was discovered by O. H. Göhring and K. Fajans in year 1913 in Germany and United Kingdom. Protactinium derived its name from the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium. | The element Cerium was discovered by H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger in year 1803 in Germany and Sweden. Cerium derived its name . |
Discovery | O. H. Göhring and K. Fajans (1913) | H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger (1803) |
Isolated | A. von Grosse (1927) | G. Mosander (1838) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Abundance in Universe | - / - | 10 / 0.09 |
Abundance in Sun | - / - | 4 / 0.03 |
Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | 760 / 110 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 0.000010 / 0.0000009 | 60000 / 8900 |
Abundance in Oceans | 0.0000000000000002 / 0.000000000000000005 | 0.0012 / 0.000053 |
Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Volume | 15.18 cm3/mol | 20.947 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 180 pm | 185 pm |
Covalent Radius | - | - |
Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ![]() | ![]() |
Absorption Spectrum | ![]() | ![]() |
Lattice Constant | 392.5, 392.5, 323.8 pm | 362, 362, 599 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Space Group Name | I4/mmm | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 139 | 194 |
Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal ![]() | Simple Hexagonal ![]() |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Number | 91 | 58 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 91 | 58 |
Number of Protons | 91 | 58 |
Mass Number | 231.03588 | 140.116 |
Number of Neutrons | 140 | 82 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
Valence Electrons | 5f2 6d1 7s2 | 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
Oxidation State | 5 | 3, 4 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4K11/2 | 1G4 |
Shell structure | ![]() | ![]() |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Protactinium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Cerium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Parameter | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Known Isotopes | 212Pa, 213Pa, 214Pa, 215Pa, 216Pa, 217Pa, 218Pa, 219Pa, 220Pa, 221Pa, 222Pa, 223Pa, 224Pa, 225Pa, 226Pa, 227Pa, 228Pa, 229Pa, 230Pa, 231Pa, 232Pa, 233Pa, 234Pa, 235Pa, 236Pa, 237Pa, 238Pa, 239Pa, 240Pa | 119Ce, 120Ce, 121Ce, 122Ce, 123Ce, 124Ce, 125Ce, 126Ce, 127Ce, 128Ce, 129Ce, 130Ce, 131Ce, 132Ce, 133Ce, 134Ce, 135Ce, 136Ce, 137Ce, 138Ce, 139Ce, 140Ce, 141Ce, 142Ce, 143Ce, 144Ce, 145Ce, 146Ce, 147Ce, 148Ce, 149Ce, 150Ce, 151Ce, 152Ce, 153Ce, 154Ce, 155Ce, 156Ce, 157Ce |
Stable Isotopes | - | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce, 142Ce |
Neutron Cross Section | 500 | 0.6 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | - | 0.00021 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Valence or Valency | 5 | 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.5 Pauling Scale | 1.12 Pauling Scale |
Oxidation State | 5 | 3, 4 |
Electron Affinity | - | 50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 568 kJ/mol | 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol 4th: 3547 kJ/mol 5th: 6325 kJ/mol 6th: 7490 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cerium (6.689 g/cm³) is less dense than Protactinium (15.37 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Protactinium will be heavier than the same volume of Cerium. Protactinium is about 129.8 denser than Cerium
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Silver |
Density | 15.37 g/cm3 | 6.689 g/cm3 |
Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 6.55 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 15.18 cm3/mol | 20.947 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 34 |
Shear Modulus | - | 14 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | - | 22 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.24 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | - | 2.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | 270 MPa |
Brinell Hardness | - | 412 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 47 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000063 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 5600000 S/m | 1400000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.8e-7 m Ω | 7.4e-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.4 | 0.022 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 3.25e-8 m3/kg | 2.2e-7 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 7.509e-9 m3/mol | 3.0826e-8 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0004995 | 0.0014716 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | - | 2100 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Property | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
Melting Point | 1845 K | 1071 K |
Boiling Point | 4273 K | 3633 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | 1.4 | 0.022 |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 15 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 470 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Parameter | Protactinium | Cerium |
---|---|---|
CAS Number | CAS7440-13-3 | CAS7440-45-1 |
RTECS Number | - | - |
DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | - | 1333 |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | - | 3 |
NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 2 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Protactinium and Cerium With Other Elements
Compare Protactinium and Cerium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howProtactinium and Cerium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.