Compare Cerium vs Thulium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Cerium and Thulium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Cerium and Thulium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Cerium vs Thulium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ce vs Tm on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Cerium and Thulium.
Cerium and Thulium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Cerium (Ce) and Thulium (Tm), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 58 | 69 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ce | Tm |
| Atomic Weight | 140.116 | 168.93421 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | Lanthanide (no group number) | Lanthanide (no group number) |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1071 K | 1818 K |
| Boiling Point | 3633 K | 2223 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-45-1 | CAS7440-30-4 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Cerium | Neighborhood Elements of Thulium |
History
| Parameter | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Cerium was discovered by H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger in year 1803 in Germany and Sweden. Cerium derived its name . | The element Thulium was discovered by T. Cleve in year 1879 in Sweden. Thulium derived its name from Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia. |
| Discovery | H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger (1803) | T. Cleve (1879) |
| Isolated | G. Mosander (1838) | T. Cleve (1879) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.09 | 0.1 / 0.001 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4 / 0.03 | 0.2 / 0.001 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 760 / 110 | 30 / 3 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 60000 / 8900 | 450 / 50 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0012 / 0.000053 | 0.0002 / 0.000007 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 20.947 cm3/mol | 19.13 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 185 pm | 222 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 362, 362, 599 pm | 353.75, 353.75, 555.46 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 58 | 69 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 58 | 69 |
| Number of Protons | 58 | 69 |
| Mass Number | 140.116 | 168.93421 |
| Number of Neutrons | 82 | 100 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f1 5d1 6s2 | 4f13 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3, 4 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1G4 | 2F7/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Cerium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Thulium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 119Ce, 120Ce, 121Ce, 122Ce, 123Ce, 124Ce, 125Ce, 126Ce, 127Ce, 128Ce, 129Ce, 130Ce, 131Ce, 132Ce, 133Ce, 134Ce, 135Ce, 136Ce, 137Ce, 138Ce, 139Ce, 140Ce, 141Ce, 142Ce, 143Ce, 144Ce, 145Ce, 146Ce, 147Ce, 148Ce, 149Ce, 150Ce, 151Ce, 152Ce, 153Ce, 154Ce, 155Ce, 156Ce, 157Ce | 145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 169Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce, 142Ce | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 169Tm |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.6 | 105 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00021 | 0.025 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.12 Pauling Scale | 1.25 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3, 4 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol 4th: 3547 kJ/mol 5th: 6325 kJ/mol 6th: 7490 kJ/mol | 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol 4th: 4120 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cerium (6.689 g/cm³) is less dense than Thulium (9.321 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Thulium will be heavier than the same volume of Cerium. Thulium is about 39.300000000000004 denser than Cerium
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 6.689 g/cm3 | 9.321 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.55 g/cm3 | 8.56 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 20.947 cm3/mol | 19.13 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 34 | 74 |
| Shear Modulus | 14 GPa | 31 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 22 GPa | 45 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.24 | 0.21 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 270 MPa | 520 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 412 MPa | 471 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 11 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000063 /K | 0.0000133 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1400000 S/m | 1400000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 7.4e-7 m Ω | 7e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.022 | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | 25 K |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.2e-7 m3/kg | 0.00000199 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 3.0826e-8 m3/mol | 3.36179e-7 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0014716 | 0.0185488 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2100 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1071 K | 1818 K |
| Boiling Point | 3633 K | 2223 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.022 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 5.5 kJ/mol | 16.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 350 kJ/mol | 250 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Cerium | Thulium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-45-1 | CAS7440-30-4 |
| RTECS Number | - | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 1333 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Cerium and Thulium With Other Elements
Compare Cerium and Thulium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howCerium and Thulium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.