Compare Promethium vs Gold: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Promethium and Gold on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Promethium and Gold comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Promethium vs Gold with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Pm vs Au on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Promethium and Gold.
Promethium and Gold Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Promethium (Pm) and Gold (Au), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 61 | 79 |
| Atomic Symbol | Pm | Au |
| Atomic Weight | 145 | 196.96655 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | Lanthanide (no group number) | group 11 |
| Group Name | copper family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1373 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 3273 K | 3129 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-12-2 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Promethium | Neighborhood Elements of Gold |
History
| Parameter | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Promethium was discovered by S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe in year 1942 in United States. Promethium derived its name from Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans. | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). |
| Discovery | S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe (1942) | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) |
| Isolated | Charles D. Coryell,Jacob A. Marinsky,Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Harold G. Richter (1945) | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | - / - | 0.6 / 0.004 |
| Abundance in Sun | - / 0.005 | 1 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | 170 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | - / - | 3.1 / 0.3 |
| Abundance in Oceans | - / - | 0.05 / 0.0016 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | 100 / 3 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 20.23 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 205 pm | 174 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | 144 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 166 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | - | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm |
| Lattice Angle | - | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | - | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | - | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 61 | 79 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 61 | 79 |
| Number of Protons | 61 | 79 |
| Mass Number | 145 | 196.96655 |
| Number of Neutrons | 84 | 118 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f5 6s2 | 5d10 6s1 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 1, 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 6H5/2 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Promethium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: None | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au |
| Neutron Cross Section | 8000 | 98.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | - | 0.017 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 1.13 Pauling Scale | 2.54 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 1, 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 222.8 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 540 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 2150 kJ/mol 4th: 3970 kJ/mol | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Promethium (7.264 g/cm³) is less dense than Gold (19.3 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Gold will be heavier than the same volume of Promethium. Gold is about 165.7 denser than Promethium
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Density | 7.264 g/cm3 | 19.3 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 17.31 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 20.23 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 46 | 78 |
| Shear Modulus | 18 GPa | 27 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 33 GPa | 220 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 | 0.44 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 216 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 2450 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000011 /K | 0.0000142 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1300000 S/m | 45000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 7.5e-7 m Ω | 2.2e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | - | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -1.78e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -3.51e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -0.0000344 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 1740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1373 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 3273 K | 3129 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7.7 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 290 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Promethium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-12-2 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| RTECS Number | - | RTECSMD5070000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Promethium and Gold With Other Elements
Compare Promethium and Gold with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howPromethium and Gold stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.