Compare Gold vs Cesium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Gold and Cesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Gold and Cesium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gold vs Cesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Au vs Cs on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Gold and Cesium.
Gold and Cesium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Gold (Au) and Cesium (Cs), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 79 | 55 |
| Atomic Symbol | Au | Cs |
| Atomic Weight | 196.96655 | 132.90545 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gold | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Alkali Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 11 | group 1 |
| Group Name | copper family | lithium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | s -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | [Xe] 6s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1337.33 K | 301.59 K |
| Boiling Point | 3129 K | 944 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-57-5 | CAS7440-46-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gold | Neighborhood Elements of Cesium |
History
| Parameter | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). | The element Cesium was discovered by R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff in year 1860 in Germany. Cesium derived its name from the Latin caesius, meaning 'sky blue'. |
| Discovery | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) | R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff (1860) |
| Isolated | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) | C. Setterberg (1882) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.6 / 0.004 | 0.8 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 / 0.01 | 8 / 0.07 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 170 / 20 | 140 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 3.1 / 0.3 | 1900 / 290 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.05 / 0.0016 | 0.5 / 0.023 |
| Abundance in Humans | 100 / 3 | 20 / 1 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 10.21 cm3/mol | 70.732 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 174 pm | 298 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 144 pm | 225 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 166 pm | 343 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  | Not available |
| Lattice Constant | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm | 614.1, 614.1, 614.1 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 79 | 55 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 79 | 55 |
| Number of Protons | 79 | 55 |
| Mass Number | 196.96655 | 132.90545 |
| Number of Neutrons | 118 | 78 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | [Xe] 6s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 5d10 6s1 | 6s1 |
| Oxidation State | 1, 3 | 1 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Cesium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au | 112Cs, 113Cs, 114Cs, 115Cs, 116Cs, 117Cs, 118Cs, 119Cs, 120Cs, 121Cs, 122Cs, 123Cs, 124Cs, 125Cs, 126Cs, 127Cs, 128Cs, 129Cs, 130Cs, 131Cs, 132Cs, 133Cs, 134Cs, 135Cs, 136Cs, 137Cs, 138Cs, 139Cs, 140Cs, 141Cs, 142Cs, 143Cs, 144Cs, 145Cs, 146Cs, 147Cs, 148Cs, 149Cs, 150Cs, 151Cs |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 133Cs |
| Neutron Cross Section | 98.7 | 29 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.017 | 0.0077 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 5 | 1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.54 Pauling Scale | 0.79 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 1, 3 | 1 |
| Electron Affinity | 222.8 kJ/mol | 45.5 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol | 1st: 375.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 2234.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 3400 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cesium (1.879 g/cm³) is less dense than Gold (19.3 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Gold will be heavier than the same volume of Cesium. Gold is about 927.1000000000001 denser than Cesium
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gold | Silver |
| Density | 19.3 g/cm3 | 1.879 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 17.31 g/cm3 | 1.843 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 10.21 cm3/mol | 70.732 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 78 | 1.7 |
| Shear Modulus | 27 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 220 GPa | 1.6 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.44 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa | 0.2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 216 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 2450 MPa | 0.14 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 320 W/(m K) | 36 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000142 /K | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 45000000 S/m | 5000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 2.2e-8 m Ω | 2e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.78e-9 m3/kg | 2.8e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.51e-10 m3/mol | 3.72e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000344 | 0.00000526 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1740 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1337.33 K | 301.59 K |
| Boiling Point | 3129 K | 944 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | 1938 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 12.5 kJ/mol | 2.09 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 330 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Gold | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-57-5 | CAS7440-46-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSMD5070000 | RTECSFK9225000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.3 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 1407 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | Water Reactive |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Gold and Cesium With Other Elements
Compare Gold and Cesium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howGold and Cesium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.