Compare Polonium vs Cerium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Polonium and Cerium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Polonium and Cerium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Polonium vs Cerium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Po vs Ce on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Polonium and Cerium.
Polonium and Cerium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Polonium (Po) and Cerium (Ce), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 84 | 58 |
| Atomic Symbol | Po | Ce |
| Atomic Weight | 209 | 140.116 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Metalloid | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 16 | Lanthanide (no group number) |
| Group Name | oxygen family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
| Melting Point | 527 K | 1071 K |
| Boiling Point | 1235 K | 3633 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-08-6 | CAS7440-45-1 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Polonium | Neighborhood Elements of Cerium |
History
| Parameter | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Polonium was discovered by P. and M. Curie in year 1898 in France. Polonium derived its name from Named after the home country of Marie Curie(Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium. | The element Cerium was discovered by H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger in year 1803 in Germany and Sweden. Cerium derived its name . |
| Discovery | P. and M. Curie (1898) | H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger (1803) |
| Isolated | W. Marckwald (1902) | G. Mosander (1838) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | - / - | 10 / 0.09 |
| Abundance in Sun | - / - | 4 / 0.03 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | 760 / 110 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | - / - | 60000 / 8900 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.00000000002 / 0.0000000000006 | 0.0012 / 0.000053 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 22.97 cm3/mol | 20.947 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm | 185 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | 197 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 335.9, 335.9, 335.9 pm | 362, 362, 599 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Pm-3m | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 221 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 84 | 58 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 84 | 58 |
| Number of Protons | 84 | 58 |
| Mass Number | 209 | 140.116 |
| Number of Neutrons | 125 | 82 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 6s2 6p4 | 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | -2, 2, 4 | 3, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P2 | 1G4 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Polonium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Cerium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 188Po, 189Po, 190Po, 191Po, 192Po, 193Po, 194Po, 195Po, 196Po, 197Po, 198Po, 199Po, 200Po, 201Po, 202Po, 203Po, 204Po, 205Po, 206Po, 207Po, 208Po, 209Po, 210Po, 211Po, 212Po, 213Po, 214Po, 215Po, 216Po, 217Po, 218Po, 219Po, 220Po | 119Ce, 120Ce, 121Ce, 122Ce, 123Ce, 124Ce, 125Ce, 126Ce, 127Ce, 128Ce, 129Ce, 130Ce, 131Ce, 132Ce, 133Ce, 134Ce, 135Ce, 136Ce, 137Ce, 138Ce, 139Ce, 140Ce, 141Ce, 142Ce, 143Ce, 144Ce, 145Ce, 146Ce, 147Ce, 148Ce, 149Ce, 150Ce, 151Ce, 152Ce, 153Ce, 154Ce, 155Ce, 156Ce, 157Ce |
| Stable Isotopes | - | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce, 142Ce |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | - | 0.00021 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 6 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 2 Pauling Scale | 1.12 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -2, 2, 4 | 3, 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 183.3 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 812.1 kJ/mol | 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol 4th: 3547 kJ/mol 5th: 6325 kJ/mol 6th: 7490 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cerium (6.689 g/cm³) is less dense than Polonium (9.196 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Polonium will be heavier than the same volume of Cerium. Polonium is about 37.5 denser than Cerium
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 9.196 g/cm3 | 6.689 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 6.55 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 22.97 cm3/mol | 20.947 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 34 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 14 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - | 22 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.24 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 270 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 412 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | - | 11 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000063 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 2300000 S/m | 1400000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4.29e-7 m Ω | 7.4e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.022 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | - | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 2.2e-7 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 3.0826e-8 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 0.0014716 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 2100 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 527 K | 1071 K |
| Boiling Point | 1235 K | 3633 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.022 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 13 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Polonium | Cerium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-08-6 | CAS7440-45-1 |
| RTECS Number | - | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 1333 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 3 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 2 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Polonium and Cerium With Other Elements
Compare Polonium and Cerium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howPolonium and Cerium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.