Compare Hydrogen vs Oxygen: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Hydrogen and Oxygen on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Hydrogen and Oxygen comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Hydrogen vs Oxygen with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare H vs O on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Hydrogen and Oxygen Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 1 | 8 |
| Atomic Symbol | H | O |
| Atomic Weight | 1.00794 | 15.9994 |
| Phase at STP | Gas | Gas |
| Color | Colorless | Colorless |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Other Nonmetal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 1 | group 16 |
| Group Name | lithium family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 1 | period 2 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | 1s1 | [He] 2s2 2p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 1 | 2, 6 |
| Melting Point | 14.01 K | 54.8 K |
| Boiling Point | 20.28 K | 90.2 K |
| CAS Number | CAS1333-74-0 | CAS7782-44-7 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Hydrogen | Neighborhood Elements of Oxygen |
History
| Parameter | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Hydrogen was discovered by H. Cavendish in year 1766 in United Kingdom. Hydrogen derived its name from the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning 'water-forming'. | The element Oxygen was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1771 in Sweden and United Kingdom. Oxygen derived its name from the Greek word oxy-, both 'sharp' and 'acid', and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming'. |
| Discovery | H. Cavendish (1766) | W. Scheele (1771) |
| Isolated | Paracelsus (1500) | W. Scheele (1771) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 750000000 / 930000000 | 10000000 / 800000 |
| Abundance in Sun | 750000000 / 930000000 | 9000000 / 700000 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 24000000 / 170000000 | 410000000 / 480000000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1500000 / 31000000 | 460000000 / 600000000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 107800000 / 662000000 | 857000000 / 331000000 |
| Abundance in Humans | 100000000 / 620000000 | 610000000 / 240000000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 22.4135 cm3/mol | 22.4134 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 53 pm | 48 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 37 pm | 73 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 120 pm | 152 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 470, 470, 340 pm | 540.3, 342.9, 508.6 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, 2.313085, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | C12/m1 |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 12 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Base Centered Monoclinic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 1 | 8 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 1 | 8 |
| Number of Protons | 1 | 8 |
| Mass Number | 1.00794 | 15.9994 |
| Number of Neutrons | 0 | 8 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 1 | 2, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s1 | [He] 2s2 2p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 1s1 | 2s2 2p4 |
| Oxidation State | -1, 1 | -2 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Hydrogen has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Oxygen has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H | 12O, 13O, 14O, 15O, 16O, 17O, 18O, 19O, 20O, 21O, 22O, 23O, 24O, 25O, 26O, 27O, 28O |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 1H, 2H | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 16O, 17O, 18O |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.332 | 0.00028 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011 | 0.000001 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 1 | 2 |
| Electronegativity | 2.2 Pauling Scale | 3.44 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -1, 1 | -2 |
| Electron Affinity | 72.8 kJ/mol | 141 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1312 kJ/mol | 1st: 1313.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 3388.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 5300.5 kJ/mol 4th: 7469.2 kJ/mol 5th: 10989.5 kJ/mol 6th: 13326.5 kJ/mol 7th: 71330 kJ/mol 8th: 84078 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Hydrogen (0.0000899 g/cm³) is less dense than Oxygen (0.001429 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Oxygen will be heavier than the same volume of Hydrogen. Oxygen is about 1489.5 denser than Hydrogen
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Gas | Gas |
| Color | Colorless | Colorless |
| Density | 0.0000899 g/cm3 | 0.001429 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | - |
| Molar Volume | 22.4135 cm3/mol | 22.4134 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | - |
| Shear Modulus | - | - |
| Bulk Modulus | - | - |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.1805 W/(m K) | 0.02658 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | - | - |
| Resistivity | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.48e-8 m3/kg | 0.000001335 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -4.999e-11 m3/mol | 4.27184e-8 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.23e-9 | 0.00000190772 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 1.000132 | 1.000271 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1270 m/s | 317.5 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 14.01 K | 54.8 K |
| Boiling Point | 20.28 K | 90.2 K |
| Critical Temperature | 32.97 K | 154.59 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 0.558 kJ/mol | 0.222 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 0.452 kJ/mol | 3.41 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Hydrogen | Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS1333-74-0 | CAS7782-44-7 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSMW8900000 | RTECSRS2060000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| DOT Numbers | 1966 | 1073 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 4 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 3 | 3 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | Oxidizing Agent |
| AutoIgnition Point | 535.5 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | -18 °C | - |
Compare Hydrogen and Oxygen With Other Elements
Compare Hydrogen and Oxygen with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howHydrogen and Oxygen stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.
Compare Hydrogen with all Group 1 elementsCompare Hydrogen with CesiumCompare Hydrogen with FranciumCompare Hydrogen with PotassiumCompare Hydrogen with RubidiumCompare Hydrogen with LithiumCompare Hydrogen with Sodium Compare Hydrogen with all Period 1 elementsCompare Hydrogen with all Other Nonmetal elements | Compare Oxygen with all Group 16 elementsOxygen vs Sulfur ComparisonOxygen vs Selenium ComparisonOxygen vs Tellurium ComparisonOxygen vs Livermorium ComparisonOxygen vs Polonium Comparison Compare Oxygen with all Period 2 elementsOxygen vs Beryllium ComparisonOxygen vs Boron ComparisonOxygen vs Carbon ComparisonOxygen vs Fluorine ComparisonOxygen vs Nitrogen ComparisonOxygen vs Neon ComparisonOxygen vs Lithium Comparison Compare Oxygen with all Other Nonmetal elements |