Compare Cobalt vs Palladium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Cobalt and Palladium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Cobalt and Palladium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Cobalt vs Palladium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Co vs Pd on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Cobalt and Palladium.
Cobalt and Palladium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Cobalt (Co) and Palladium (Pd), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 27 | 46 |
| Atomic Symbol | Co | Pd |
| Atomic Weight | 58.9332 | 106.42 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 9 | group 10 |
| Group Name | cobalt family | nickel family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d7 4s2 | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 15, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
| Melting Point | 1768 K | 1828.05 K |
| Boiling Point | 3200 K | 3236 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-48-4 | CAS7440-05-3 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Cobalt | Neighborhood Elements of Palladium |
History
| Parameter | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Cobalt was discovered by G. Brandt in year 1735 in Sweden. Cobalt derived its name from the German word Kobold, meaning 'goblin'. | The element Palladium was discovered by H. Wollaston in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Palladium derived its name . |
| Discovery | G. Brandt (1735) | H. Wollaston (1803) |
| Isolated | G. Brandt (1735) | H. Wollaston (1803) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 3000 / 60 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4000 / 70 | 3 / 0.04 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 600000 / 200000 | 670 / 130 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 30000 / 10000 | 6.3 / 1 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.08 / 0.008 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | 20 / 2 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 6.62 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 152 pm | 169 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 131 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 163 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 250.71, 250.71, 406.95 pm | 389.07, 389.07, 389.07 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 27 | 46 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 27 | 46 |
| Number of Protons | 27 | 46 |
| Mass Number | 58.9332 | 106.42 |
| Number of Neutrons | 32 | 60 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 15, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d7 4s2 | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d7 4s2 | 4d10 |
| Oxidation State | 2, 3 | 0, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4F9/2 | 1S0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Cobalt has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Palladium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 47Co, 48Co, 49Co, 50Co, 51Co, 52Co, 53Co, 54Co, 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58Co, 59Co, 60Co, 61Co, 62Co, 63Co, 64Co, 65Co, 66Co, 67Co, 68Co, 69Co, 70Co, 71Co, 72Co, 73Co, 74Co, 75Co | 91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 102Pd, 103Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 107Pd, 108Pd, 109Pd, 110Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 59Co | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110Pd |
| Neutron Cross Section | 37.2 | 6.9 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.021 | 0.0023 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.88 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 2, 3 | 0, 2, 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 63.7 kJ/mol | 53.7 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 760.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1648 kJ/mol 3rd: 3232 kJ/mol 4th: 4950 kJ/mol 5th: 7670 kJ/mol 6th: 9840 kJ/mol 7th: 12440 kJ/mol 8th: 15230 kJ/mol 9th: 17959 kJ/mol 10th: 26570 kJ/mol 11th: 29400 kJ/mol 12th: 32400 kJ/mol 13th: 36600 kJ/mol 14th: 39700 kJ/mol 15th: 42800 kJ/mol 16th: 49396 kJ/mol 17th: 52737 kJ/mol 18th: 134810 kJ/mol 19th: 145170 kJ/mol 20th: 154700 kJ/mol 21st: 167400 kJ/mol 22nd: 178100 kJ/mol 23rd: 189300 kJ/mol 24th: 204500 kJ/mol 25th: 214100 kJ/mol 26th: 920870 kJ/mol 27th: 966023 kJ/mol | 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cobalt (8.9 g/cm³) is less dense than Palladium (12.023 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Palladium will be heavier than the same volume of Cobalt. Palladium is about 35.099999999999994 denser than Cobalt
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Silver |
| Density | 8.9 g/cm3 | 12.023 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 7.75 g/cm3 | 10.38 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 6.62 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 209 | 121 |
| Shear Modulus | 75 GPa | 44 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 180 GPa | 180 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.31 | 0.39 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 5 MPa | 4.75 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 1043 MPa | 461 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 700 MPa | 37.3 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000013 /K | 0.0000118 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 17000000 S/m | 10000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6e-8 m Ω | 1e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Ferromagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | 1394 K | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 6.57e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 6.992e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 0.0007899 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 4720 m/s | 3070 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1768 K | 1828.05 K |
| Boiling Point | 3200 K | 3236 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 16.2 kJ/mol | 16.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 375 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Cobalt | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-48-4 | CAS7440-05-3 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSGF8750000 | RTECSRT3480500 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | 3200 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Cobalt and Palladium With Other Elements
Compare Cobalt and Palladium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howCobalt and Palladium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.