Compare Barium vs Gold: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Barium and Gold on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Barium and Gold comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Barium vs Gold with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ba vs Au on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Barium and Gold.
Barium and Gold Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Barium (Ba) and Gold (Au), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 56 | 79 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ba | Au |
| Atomic Weight | 137.327 | 196.96655 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Metallic Classification | Alkaline Earth Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 2 | group 11 |
| Group Name | beryllium family | copper family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1000 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 2143 K | 3129 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-39-3 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Barium | Neighborhood Elements of Gold |
History
| Parameter | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Barium was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1772 in United Kingdom. Barium derived its name from the Greek barys, meaning 'heavy'. | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). |
| Discovery | W. Scheele (1772) | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) |
| Isolated | H. Davy (1808) | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.09 | 0.6 / 0.004 |
| Abundance in Sun | 10 / 0.1 | 1 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 2800 / 410 | 170 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 340000 / 51000 | 3.1 / 0.3 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 30 / 1.4 | 0.05 / 0.0016 |
| Abundance in Humans | 300 / 14 | 100 / 3 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 38.16 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 253 pm | 174 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 198 pm | 144 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 268 pm | 166 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 502.8, 502.8, 502.8 pm | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 56 | 79 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 56 | 79 |
| Number of Protons | 56 | 79 |
| Mass Number | 137.327 | 196.96655 |
| Number of Neutrons | 81 | 118 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 6s2 | 5d10 6s1 |
| Oxidation State | 2 | 1, 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Barium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 114Ba, 115Ba, 116Ba, 117Ba, 118Ba, 119Ba, 120Ba, 121Ba, 122Ba, 123Ba, 124Ba, 125Ba, 126Ba, 127Ba, 128Ba, 129Ba, 130Ba, 131Ba, 132Ba, 133Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 138Ba, 139Ba, 140Ba, 141Ba, 142Ba, 143Ba, 144Ba, 145Ba, 146Ba, 147Ba, 148Ba, 149Ba, 150Ba, 151Ba, 152Ba, 153Ba | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 130Ba, 132Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 138Ba | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au |
| Neutron Cross Section | 1.3 | 98.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00027 | 0.017 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 2 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 0.89 Pauling Scale | 2.54 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 2 | 1, 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 13.95 kJ/mol | 222.8 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 502.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 965.2 kJ/mol 3rd: 3600 kJ/mol | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Barium (3.51 g/cm³) is less dense than Gold (19.3 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Gold will be heavier than the same volume of Barium. Gold is about 449.9 denser than Barium
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Density | 3.51 g/cm3 | 19.3 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 3.338 g/cm3 | 17.31 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 38.16 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 13 | 78 |
| Shear Modulus | 4.9 GPa | 27 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 9.6 GPa | 220 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.44 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 1.25 MPa | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 216 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 2450 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 18 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000206 /K | 0.0000142 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 2900000 S/m | 45000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 3.5e-7 m Ω | 2.2e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.13e-8 m3/kg | -1.78e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.552e-9 m3/mol | -3.51e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.00003966 | -0.0000344 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1620 m/s | 1740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1000 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 2143 K | 3129 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 8 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 140 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Barium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-39-3 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSCQ8370000 | RTECSMD5070000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.3 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 1400 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | Water Reactive | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Barium and Gold With Other Elements
Compare Barium and Gold with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howBarium and Gold stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.