Compare Ytterbium vs Promethium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Ytterbium and Promethium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Ytterbium and Promethium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Ytterbium vs Promethium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Yb vs Pm on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Ytterbium and Promethium.
Ytterbium and Promethium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Ytterbium (Yb) and Promethium (Pm), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 70 | 61 |
| Atomic Symbol | Yb | Pm |
| Atomic Weight | 173.04 | 145 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | Lanthanide (no group number) | Lanthanide (no group number) |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1092 K | 1373 K |
| Boiling Point | 1469 K | 3273 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-64-4 | CAS7440-12-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Ytterbium | Neighborhood Elements of Promethium |
History
| Parameter | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Ytterbium was discovered by J.C.G. de Marignac in year 1878 in Switzerland. Ytterbium derived its name from Ytterby, Sweden. | The element Promethium was discovered by S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe in year 1942 in United States. Promethium derived its name from Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans. |
| Discovery | J.C.G. de Marignac (1878) | S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe (1942) |
| Isolated | C. A. von Welsbach (1906) | Charles D. Coryell,Jacob A. Marinsky,Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Harold G. Richter (1945) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.01 | - / - |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 / 0.01 | - / 0.005 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 180 / 20 | - / - |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 2800 / 340 | - / - |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0008 / 0.000029 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 24.84 cm3/mol | 20.23 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 222 pm | 205 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 548.47, 548.47, 548.47 pm | - |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | - |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | - |
| Space Group Number | 225 | - |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 70 | 61 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 70 | 61 |
| Number of Protons | 70 | 61 |
| Mass Number | 173.04 | 145 |
| Number of Neutrons | 103 | 84 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f14 6s2 | 4f5 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 6H5/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Ytterbium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Promethium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 148Yb, 149Yb, 150Yb, 151Yb, 152Yb, 153Yb, 154Yb, 155Yb, 156Yb, 157Yb, 158Yb, 159Yb, 160Yb, 161Yb, 162Yb, 163Yb, 164Yb, 165Yb, 166Yb, 167Yb, 168Yb, 169Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb, 175Yb, 176Yb, 177Yb, 178Yb, 179Yb, 180Yb, 181Yb | 126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 168Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb, 176Yb | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: None |
| Neutron Cross Section | 35 | 8000 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0076 | - |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.1 Pauling Scale | 1.13 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 603.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol 4th: 4203 kJ/mol | 1st: 540 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 2150 kJ/mol 4th: 3970 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Ytterbium (6.57 g/cm³) is less dense than Promethium (7.264 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Promethium will be heavier than the same volume of Ytterbium. Promethium is about 10.6 denser than Ytterbium
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 6.57 g/cm3 | 7.264 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.21 g/cm3 | - |
| Molar Volume | 24.84 cm3/mol | 20.23 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 24 | 46 |
| Shear Modulus | 9.9 GPa | 18 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 31 GPa | 33 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.21 | 0.28 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 206 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 343 MPa | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 39 W/(m K) | 15 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000263 /K | 0.000011 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 3600000 S/m | 1300000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 2.79e-7 m Ω | 7.5e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | - |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 5.9e-9 m3/kg | - |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.02e-9 m3/mol | - |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0000388 | - |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1590 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1092 K | 1373 K |
| Boiling Point | 1469 K | 3273 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7.7 kJ/mol | 7.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 160 kJ/mol | 290 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Ytterbium | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-64-4 | CAS7440-12-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSZG1925000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Ytterbium and Promethium With Other Elements
Compare Ytterbium and Promethium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howYtterbium and Promethium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.