Compare Tin vs Gallium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Tin and Gallium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Tin and Gallium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Tin vs Gallium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Sn vs Ga on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Tin and Gallium.
Tin and Gallium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Tin (Sn) and Gallium (Ga), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 50 | 31 |
| Atomic Symbol | Sn | Ga |
| Atomic Weight | 118.71 | 69.723 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Post Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 13 |
| Group Name | carbon family | boron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
| Melting Point | 505.08 K | 302.91 K |
| Boiling Point | 2875 K | 2477 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-31-5 | CAS7440-55-3 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Tin | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium |
History
| Parameter | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Tin was discovered by Unknown in year 3500 BCE. Tin derived its name from English word (stannum in Latin). | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. |
| Discovery | Unknown (3500 BCE) | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) |
| Isolated | (2000 BCE) | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 4 / 0.04 | 10 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Sun | 9 / 0.1 | 40 / 0.6 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1200 / 170 | 7800 / 2000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 2200 / 380 | 19000 / 5500 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.01 / 0.00052 | 0.03 / 0.0027 |
| Abundance in Humans | 200 / 11 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 16.239 cm3/mol | 11.809 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 145 pm | 136 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 141 pm | 126 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 217 pm | 187 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 583.18, 583.18, 318.19 pm | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | I41/amd | Cmca |
| Space Group Number | 141 | 64 |
| Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal  | Base Centered Orthorhombic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 50 | 31 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 50 | 31 |
| Number of Protons | 50 | 31 |
| Mass Number | 118.71 | 69.723 |
| Number of Neutrons | 69 | 39 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
| Valence Electrons | 5s2 5p2 | 4s2 4p1 |
| Oxidation State | -4, 2, 4 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 2P1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Tin has 10 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 99Sn, 100Sn, 101Sn, 102Sn, 103Sn, 104Sn, 105Sn, 106Sn, 107Sn, 108Sn, 109Sn, 110Sn, 111Sn, 112Sn, 113Sn, 114Sn, 115Sn, 116Sn, 117Sn, 118Sn, 119Sn, 120Sn, 121Sn, 122Sn, 123Sn, 124Sn, 125Sn, 126Sn, 127Sn, 128Sn, 129Sn, 130Sn, 131Sn, 132Sn, 133Sn, 134Sn, 135Sn, 136Sn, 137Sn | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 112Sn, 114Sn, 115Sn, 116Sn, 117Sn, 118Sn, 119Sn, 120Sn, 122Sn, 124Sn | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.63 | 2.9 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.0015 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.96 Pauling Scale | 1.81 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -4, 2, 4 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 107.3 kJ/mol | 28.9 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 708.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2943 kJ/mol 4th: 3930.3 kJ/mol 5th: 7456 kJ/mol | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Gallium (5.904 g/cm³) is less dense than Tin (7.31 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Tin will be heavier than the same volume of Gallium. Tin is about 23.799999999999997 denser than Gallium
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 7.31 g/cm3 | 5.904 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.99 g/cm3 | 6.095 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 16.239 cm3/mol | 11.809 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 50 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 18 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 58 GPa | - |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.36 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | 1.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 51 MPa | 60 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 67 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000022 /K | 0.00012 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 9100000 S/m | 7100000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.1e-7 m Ω | 1.39e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 3.72 | 1.083 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.1e-9 m3/kg | -3e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.68e-10 m3/mol | -2.09e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000227 | -0.0000177 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2500 m/s | 2740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 505.08 K | 302.91 K |
| Boiling Point | 2875 K | 2477 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 3.72 | 1.083 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 290 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Tin | Gallium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-31-5 | CAS7440-55-3 |
| RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSXP7320000} | RTECSLW8600000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 8 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 2803 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 3 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Tin and Gallium With Other Elements
Compare Tin and Gallium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howTin and Gallium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.