Compare Thallium vs Cesium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Thallium and Cesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Thallium and Cesium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Thallium vs Cesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Tl vs Cs on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Thallium and Cesium.
Thallium and Cesium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Thallium (Tl) and Cesium (Cs), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 81 | 55 |
| Atomic Symbol | Tl | Cs |
| Atomic Weight | 204.3833 | 132.90545 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Alkali Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 1 |
| Group Name | boron family | lithium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | s -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 | [Xe] 6s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
| Melting Point | 577 K | 301.59 K |
| Boiling Point | 1746 K | 944 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-28-0 | CAS7440-46-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Thallium | Neighborhood Elements of Cesium |
History
| Parameter | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Thallium was discovered by W. Crookes in year 1861 in United Kingdom. Thallium derived its name from the Greek thallos, 'green twig'. | The element Cesium was discovered by R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff in year 1860 in Germany. Cesium derived its name from the Latin caesius, meaning 'sky blue'. |
| Discovery | W. Crookes (1861) | R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff (1860) |
| Isolated | C.-A. Lamy (1862) | C. Setterberg (1882) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.5 / 0.003 | 0.8 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 / 0.01 | 8 / 0.07 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 80 / 6 | 140 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 530 / 50 | 1900 / 290 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.001 / 0.000030 | 0.5 / 0.023 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | 20 / 1 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 17.24 cm3/mol | 70.732 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 156 pm | 298 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 148 pm | 225 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 196 pm | 343 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  | Not available |
| Lattice Constant | 345.66, 345.66, 552.48 pm | 614.1, 614.1, 614.1 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 81 | 55 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 81 | 55 |
| Number of Protons | 81 | 55 |
| Mass Number | 204.3833 | 132.90545 |
| Number of Neutrons | 123 | 78 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 | [Xe] 6s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 6s2 6p1 | 6s1 |
| Oxidation State | 1, 3 | 1 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Thallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Cesium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 203Tl, 204Tl, 205Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl | 112Cs, 113Cs, 114Cs, 115Cs, 116Cs, 117Cs, 118Cs, 119Cs, 120Cs, 121Cs, 122Cs, 123Cs, 124Cs, 125Cs, 126Cs, 127Cs, 128Cs, 129Cs, 130Cs, 131Cs, 132Cs, 133Cs, 134Cs, 135Cs, 136Cs, 137Cs, 138Cs, 139Cs, 140Cs, 141Cs, 142Cs, 143Cs, 144Cs, 145Cs, 146Cs, 147Cs, 148Cs, 149Cs, 150Cs, 151Cs |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 203Tl, 205Tl | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 133Cs |
| Neutron Cross Section | 3.4 | 29 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0006 | 0.0077 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.62 Pauling Scale | 0.79 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 1, 3 | 1 |
| Electron Affinity | 19.2 kJ/mol | 45.5 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol | 1st: 375.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 2234.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 3400 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Cesium (1.879 g/cm³) is less dense than Thallium (11.85 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Thallium will be heavier than the same volume of Cesium. Thallium is about 530.7 denser than Cesium
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 11.85 g/cm3 | 1.879 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 11.22 g/cm3 | 1.843 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 17.24 cm3/mol | 70.732 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 8 | 1.7 |
| Shear Modulus | 2.8 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 43 GPa | 1.6 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.45 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 1.2 MPa | 0.2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 26.4 MPa | 0.14 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 46 W/(m K) | 36 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000299 /K | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 6700000 S/m | 5000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.5e-7 m Ω | 2e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 2.38 | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | 2.8e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -6.13e-10 m3/mol | 3.72e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000356 | 0.00000526 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 818 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 577 K | 301.59 K |
| Boiling Point | 1746 K | 944 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | 1938 K |
| Superconducting Point | 2.38 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 4.2 kJ/mol | 2.09 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 165 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Thallium | Cesium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-28-0 | CAS7440-46-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSXG3425000 | RTECSFK9225000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.3 |
| DOT Numbers | 1707 | 1407 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | Water Reactive |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Thallium and Cesium With Other Elements
Compare Thallium and Cesium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howThallium and Cesium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.