Compare Sodium vs Iodine: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Sodium and Iodine on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Sodium and Iodine comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Sodium vs Iodine with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Na vs I on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Sodium and Iodine.
Sodium and Iodine Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Sodium (Na) and Iodine (I), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 11 | 53 |
| Atomic Symbol | Na | I |
| Atomic Weight | 22.98977 | 126.90447 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | SlateGray |
| Metallic Classification | Alkali Metal | Halogens |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 1 | group 17 |
| Group Name | lithium family | fluorine family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s1 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 |
| Melting Point | 370.87 K | 386.85 K |
| Boiling Point | 1156 K | 457.4 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-23-5 | CAS7553-56-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Sodium | Neighborhood Elements of Iodine |
History
| Parameter | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Sodium was discovered by H. Davy in year 1807 in United Kingdom. Sodium derived its name from the English word soda (natrium in Latin). | The element Iodine was discovered by B. Courtois in year 1811 in France. Iodine derived its name from French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet'). |
| Discovery | H. Davy (1807) | B. Courtois (1811) |
| Isolated | H. Davy (1807) | B. Courtois (1811) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 20000 / 1000 | 1 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Sun | 40000 / 2000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 5600000 / 4800000 | 260 / 30 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 23000000 / 21000000 | 490 / 80 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 11050000 / 2970000 | 60 / 2.9 |
| Abundance in Humans | 1400000 / 380000 | 200 / 10 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 23.75 cm3/mol | 25.689 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 190 pm | 115 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 154 pm | 133 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 227 pm | 198 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 429.06, 429.06, 429.06 pm | 718.02, 471.02, 981.03 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | Cmca |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 64 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Base Centered Orthorhombic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 11 | 53 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 11 | 53 |
| Number of Protons | 11 | 53 |
| Mass Number | 22.98977 | 126.90447 |
| Number of Neutrons | 12 | 74 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s1 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s1 | 5s2 5p5 |
| Oxidation State | 1 | -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 2P3/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Sodium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Iodine has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 18Na, 19Na, 20Na, 21Na, 22Na, 23Na, 24Na, 25Na, 26Na, 27Na, 28Na, 29Na, 30Na, 31Na, 32Na, 33Na, 34Na, 35Na, 36Na, 37Na | 108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 127I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 23Na | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 127I |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.53 | 6.2 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0007 | 0.0018 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 1 | 7 |
| Electronegativity | 0.93 Pauling Scale | 2.66 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 1 | -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 |
| Electron Affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol | 295.2 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 495.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 4562 kJ/mol 3rd: 6910.3 kJ/mol 4th: 9543 kJ/mol 5th: 13354 kJ/mol 6th: 16613 kJ/mol 7th: 20117 kJ/mol 8th: 25496 kJ/mol 9th: 28932 kJ/mol 10th: 141362 kJ/mol 11th: 159076 kJ/mol | 1st: 1008.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1845.9 kJ/mol 3rd: 3180 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Sodium (0.968 g/cm³) is less dense than Iodine (4.94 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Iodine will be heavier than the same volume of Sodium. Iodine is about 410.29999999999995 denser than Sodium
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | SlateGray |
| Density | 0.968 g/cm3 | 4.94 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 0.927 g/cm3 | - |
| Molar Volume | 23.75 cm3/mol | 25.689 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 10 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 3.3 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 6.3 GPa | 7.7 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 0.5 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 0.69 MPa | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.449 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000071 /K | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 21000000 S/m | 1e-7 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4.7e-8 m Ω | 10000000 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 8.8e-9 m3/kg | -4.5e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 2e-10 m3/mol | -1.14e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0000085 | -0.0000222 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 3200 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 370.87 K | 386.85 K |
| Boiling Point | 1156 K | 457.4 K |
| Critical Temperature | 2573 K | 819 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 7.76 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 20.9 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Sodium | Iodine |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-23-5 | CAS7553-56-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSVY0686000 | RTECSNN1575000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.3 | 8 |
| DOT Numbers | 1428 | 1759 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 3 | 3 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | Water Reactive | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 115 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | 4 °C | - |
Compare Sodium and Iodine With Other Elements
Compare Sodium and Iodine with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howSodium and Iodine stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.