Compare Iodine vs Cadmium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Iodine and Cadmium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Iodine and Cadmium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Iodine vs Cadmium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare I vs Cd on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Iodine and Cadmium.
Iodine and Cadmium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Iodine (I) and Cadmium (Cd), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 53 | 48 |
| Atomic Symbol | I | Cd |
| Atomic Weight | 126.90447 | 112.411 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | SlateGray | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Halogens | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 17 | group 12 |
| Group Name | fluorine family | zinc family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
| Melting Point | 386.85 K | 594.22 K |
| Boiling Point | 457.4 K | 1040 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7553-56-2 | CAS7440-43-9 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Iodine | Neighborhood Elements of Cadmium |
History
| Parameter | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Iodine was discovered by B. Courtois in year 1811 in France. Iodine derived its name from French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet'). | The element Cadmium was discovered by S. L Hermann,F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff in year 1817 in Germany. Cadmium derived its name from the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos. |
| Discovery | B. Courtois (1811) | S. L Hermann,F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff (1817) |
| Isolated | B. Courtois (1811) | S. L Hermann, F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff (1817) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 1 / 0.01 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | - / - | 6 / 0.07 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 260 / 30 | 450 / 60 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 490 / 80 | 150 / 30 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 60 / 2.9 | 0.05 / 0.0028 |
| Abundance in Humans | 200 / 10 | 700 / 39 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 25.689 cm3/mol | 12.995 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 115 pm | 161 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 133 pm | 148 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 198 pm | 158 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 718.02, 471.02, 981.03 pm | 297.94, 297.94, 561.86 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Cmca | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 64 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 53 | 48 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 53 | 48 |
| Number of Protons | 53 | 48 |
| Mass Number | 126.90447 | 112.411 |
| Number of Neutrons | 74 | 64 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 5s2 5p5 | 4d10 5s2 |
| Oxidation State | -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 | 2 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P3/2 | 1S0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Iodine has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Cadmium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 127I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I | 95Cd, 96Cd, 97Cd, 98Cd, 99Cd, 100Cd, 101Cd, 102Cd, 103Cd, 104Cd, 105Cd, 106Cd, 107Cd, 108Cd, 109Cd, 110Cd, 111Cd, 112Cd, 113Cd, 114Cd, 115Cd, 116Cd, 117Cd, 118Cd, 119Cd, 120Cd, 121Cd, 122Cd, 123Cd, 124Cd, 125Cd, 126Cd, 127Cd, 128Cd, 129Cd, 130Cd, 131Cd, 132Cd |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 127I | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 106Cd, 108Cd, 110Cd, 111Cd, 112Cd, 114Cd |
| Neutron Cross Section | 6.2 | 2450 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0018 | 1.4 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 7 | 2 |
| Electronegativity | 2.66 Pauling Scale | 1.69 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 | 2 |
| Electron Affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1008.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1845.9 kJ/mol 3rd: 3180 kJ/mol | 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Iodine (4.94 g/cm³) is less dense than Cadmium (8.65 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Cadmium will be heavier than the same volume of Iodine. Cadmium is about 75.1 denser than Iodine
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | SlateGray | Silver |
| Density | 4.94 g/cm3 | 8.65 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 7.996 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 25.689 cm3/mol | 12.995 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 50 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 19 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 7.7 GPa | 42 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.3 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 203 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 97 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000308 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1e-7 S/m | 14000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 10000000 m Ω | 7e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.517 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -4.5e-9 m3/kg | -2.3e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.14e-9 m3/mol | -2.59e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000222 | -0.0000199 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 2310 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 386.85 K | 594.22 K |
| Boiling Point | 457.4 K | 1040 K |
| Critical Temperature | 819 K | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.517 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 6.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Iodine | Cadmium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7553-56-2 | CAS7440-43-9 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSNN1575000 | RTECSEU9800000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 6.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 1759 | 2570 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 3 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 250 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Iodine and Cadmium With Other Elements
Compare Iodine and Cadmium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howIodine and Cadmium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.