Compare Silver vs Palladium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Silver and Palladium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Silver and Palladium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Silver vs Palladium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ag vs Pd on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Silver and Palladium.
Silver and Palladium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Silver (Ag) and Palladium (Pd), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 47 | 46 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ag | Pd |
| Atomic Weight | 107.8682 | 106.42 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 11 | group 10 |
| Group Name | copper family | nickel family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s1 | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
| Melting Point | 1234.93 K | 1828.05 K |
| Boiling Point | 2435 K | 3236 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-22-4 | CAS7440-05-3 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Silver | Neighborhood Elements of Palladium |
History
| Parameter | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Silver was discovered by in year Before 5000 BCE. Silver derived its name from English word (argentum in Latin). | The element Palladium was discovered by H. Wollaston in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Palladium derived its name . |
| Discovery | (Before 5000 BCE) | H. Wollaston (1803) |
| Isolated | Asia Minor (ca. 4000 BCE) | H. Wollaston (1803) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.6 / 0.007 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 / 0.01 | 3 / 0.04 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 140 / 20 | 670 / 130 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 80 / 20 | 6.3 / 1 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.1 / 0.0057 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 10.283 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 165 pm | 169 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 153 pm | 131 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 172 pm | 163 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 408.53, 408.53, 408.53 pm | 389.07, 389.07, 389.07 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Face Centered Cubic |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 47 | 46 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 47 | 46 |
| Number of Protons | 47 | 46 |
| Mass Number | 107.8682 | 106.42 |
| Number of Neutrons | 61 | 60 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s1 | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d10 5s1 | 4d10 |
| Oxidation State | 1 | 0, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 1S0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Silver has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Palladium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 93Ag, 94Ag, 95Ag, 96Ag, 97Ag, 98Ag, 99Ag, 100Ag, 101Ag, 102Ag, 103Ag, 104Ag, 105Ag, 106Ag, 107Ag, 108Ag, 109Ag, 110Ag, 111Ag, 112Ag, 113Ag, 114Ag, 115Ag, 116Ag, 117Ag, 118Ag, 119Ag, 120Ag, 121Ag, 122Ag, 123Ag, 124Ag, 125Ag, 126Ag, 127Ag, 128Ag, 129Ag, 130Ag | 91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 102Pd, 103Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 107Pd, 108Pd, 109Pd, 110Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 107Ag, 109Ag | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110Pd |
| Neutron Cross Section | 63.6 | 6.9 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.02 | 0.0023 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 1 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.93 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 1 | 0, 2, 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 125.6 kJ/mol | 53.7 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 731 kJ/mol 2nd: 2070 kJ/mol 3rd: 3361 kJ/mol | 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Silver (10.49 g/cm³) is less dense than Palladium (12.023 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Palladium will be heavier than the same volume of Silver. Palladium is about 14.6 denser than Silver
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 10.49 g/cm3 | 12.023 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 9.32 g/cm3 | 10.38 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 10.283 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 83 | 121 |
| Shear Modulus | 30 GPa | 44 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 100 GPa | 180 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.37 | 0.39 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa | 4.75 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 251 MPa | 461 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 24.5 MPa | 37.3 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 430 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000189 /K | 0.0000118 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 62000000 S/m | 10000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.6e-8 m Ω | 1e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.27e-9 m3/kg | 6.57e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.45e-10 m3/mol | 6.992e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000238 | 0.0007899 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2600 m/s | 3070 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1234.93 K | 1828.05 K |
| Boiling Point | 2435 K | 3236 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 11.3 kJ/mol | 16.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 255 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Silver | Palladium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-22-4 | CAS7440-05-3 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSVW3500000 | RTECSRT3480500 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.2 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 3200 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Silver and Palladium With Other Elements
Compare Silver and Palladium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howSilver and Palladium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.