Compare Scandium vs Selenium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Scandium and Selenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Scandium and Selenium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Scandium vs Selenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Sc vs Se on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Scandium and Selenium.
Scandium and Selenium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Scandium (Sc) and Selenium (Se), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 21 | 34 |
| Atomic Symbol | Sc | Se |
| Atomic Weight | 44.95591 | 78.96 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Other Nonmetal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 3 | group 16 |
| Group Name | scandium family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Melting Point | 1814 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 3103 K | 958 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-20-2 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Scandium | Neighborhood Elements of Selenium |
History
| Parameter | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Scandium was discovered by F. Nilson in year 1879 in Sweden. Scandium derived its name from Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia. | The element Selenium was discovered by J. Berzelius and G. Gahn in year 1817 in Sweden. Selenium derived its name from the Greek selene, meaning 'moon'. |
| Discovery | F. Nilson (1879) | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
| Isolated | F. Nilson (1879) | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 30 / 1 | 30 / 0.5 |
| Abundance in Sun | 40 / 1 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 6500 / 2900 | 13000 / 2900 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 26000 / 12000 | 50 / 10 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0015 / 0.00021 | 0.45 / 0.035 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | 50 / 4 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 15.061 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 184 pm | 103 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 144 pm | 116 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 211 pm | 190 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 330.9, 330.9, 527.33 pm | 905.4, 908.3, 1160.1 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, 1.58493, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | P121/c1 |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 14 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Monoclinic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 21 | 34 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 21 | 34 |
| Number of Protons | 21 | 34 |
| Mass Number | 44.95591 | 78.96 |
| Number of Neutrons | 24 | 45 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d1 4s2 | 4s2 4p4 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | -2, 2, 4, 6 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2D3/2 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Scandium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Selenium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 45Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc | 65Se, 66Se, 67Se, 68Se, 69Se, 70Se, 71Se, 72Se, 73Se, 74Se, 75Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 79Se, 80Se, 81Se, 82Se, 83Se, 84Se, 85Se, 86Se, 87Se, 88Se, 89Se, 90Se, 91Se, 92Se, 93Se, 94Se |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 45Sc | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se |
| Neutron Cross Section | 27.2 | 11.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.025 | 0.0056 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 Pauling Scale | 2.55 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | -2, 2, 4, 6 |
| Electron Affinity | 18.1 kJ/mol | 195 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 633.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1235 kJ/mol 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol 4th: 7090.6 kJ/mol 5th: 8843 kJ/mol 6th: 10679 kJ/mol 7th: 13310 kJ/mol 8th: 15250 kJ/mol 9th: 17370 kJ/mol 10th: 21726 kJ/mol 11th: 24102 kJ/mol 12th: 66320 kJ/mol 13th: 73010 kJ/mol 14th: 80160 kJ/mol 15th: 89490 kJ/mol 16th: 97400 kJ/mol 17th: 105600 kJ/mol 18th: 117000 kJ/mol 19th: 124270 kJ/mol 20th: 547530 kJ/mol 21st: 582163 kJ/mol | 1st: 941 kJ/mol 2nd: 2045 kJ/mol 3rd: 2973.7 kJ/mol 4th: 4144 kJ/mol 5th: 6590 kJ/mol 6th: 7880 kJ/mol 7th: 14990 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Scandium (2.985 g/cm³) is less dense than Selenium (4.819 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Selenium will be heavier than the same volume of Scandium. Selenium is about 61.4 denser than Scandium
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Density | 2.985 g/cm3 | 4.819 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 2.8 g/cm3 | 3.99 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 15.061 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 74 | 10 |
| Shear Modulus | 29 GPa | 3.7 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 57 GPa | 8.3 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 | 0.33 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 750 MPa | 736 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/(m K) | 0.52 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000102 /K | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1800000 S/m | - |
| Resistivity | 5.5e-7 m Ω | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.05 | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 8.8e-8 m3/kg | -4e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 3.956e-9 m3/mol | -3.16e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0002627 | -0.0000193 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | 1.000895 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 3350 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1814 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 3103 K | 958 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | 1766 K |
| Superconducting Point | 0.05 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 16 kJ/mol | 5.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 318 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Scandium | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-20-2 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| RTECS Number | - | {N/A, RTECSVS7700000, N/A} |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 6.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | 2658 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Scandium and Selenium With Other Elements
Compare Scandium and Selenium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howScandium and Selenium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.