Compare Ruthenium vs Iridium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Ruthenium and Iridium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Ruthenium and Iridium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Ruthenium vs Iridium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ru vs Ir on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Ruthenium and Iridium.
Ruthenium and Iridium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Ruthenium (Ru) and Iridium (Ir), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 44 | 77 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ru | Ir |
| Atomic Weight | 101.07 | 192.217 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 8 | group 9 |
| Group Name | iron family | cobalt family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 |
| Melting Point | 2607 K | 2739 K |
| Boiling Point | 4423 K | 4701 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-18-8 | CAS7439-88-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Ruthenium | Neighborhood Elements of Iridium |
History
| Parameter | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Ruthenium was discovered by K. Claus in year 1844 in Russia. Ruthenium derived its name from Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia. | The element Iridium was discovered by S. Tennant in year 1803 in France and United Kingdom. Iridium derived its name from Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow. |
| Discovery | K. Claus (1844) | S. Tennant (1803) |
| Isolated | K. Claus (1844) | S. Tennant (1803) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 4 / 0.05 | 2 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Sun | 5 / 0.06 | 2 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 830 / 160 | 550 / 60 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1.0 / 0.2 | 0.4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0007 / 0.000043 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 8.1706 cm3/mol | 8.5203 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 178 pm | 180 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 137 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm | 383.9, 383.9, 383.9 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 44 | 77 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 44 | 77 |
| Number of Protons | 44 | 77 |
| Mass Number | 101.07 | 192.217 |
| Number of Neutrons | 57 | 115 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d7 5s1 | 5d7 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3, 4 | 3, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 5F5 | 4F9/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Ruthenium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Iridium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 96Ru, 97Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 103Ru, 104Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru | 164Ir, 165Ir, 166Ir, 167Ir, 168Ir, 169Ir, 170Ir, 171Ir, 172Ir, 173Ir, 174Ir, 175Ir, 176Ir, 177Ir, 178Ir, 179Ir, 180Ir, 181Ir, 182Ir, 183Ir, 184Ir, 185Ir, 186Ir, 187Ir, 188Ir, 189Ir, 190Ir, 191Ir, 192Ir, 193Ir, 194Ir, 195Ir, 196Ir, 197Ir, 198Ir, 199Ir |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 191Ir, 193Ir |
| Neutron Cross Section | 2.6 | 425 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0009 | 0.08 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 6 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.2 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3, 4 | 3, 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 101.3 kJ/mol | 151 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol | 1st: 880 kJ/mol 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Ruthenium (12.37 g/cm³) is less dense than Iridium (22.56 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Iridium will be heavier than the same volume of Ruthenium. Iridium is about 82.39999999999999 denser than Ruthenium
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 12.37 g/cm3 | 22.56 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 10.65 g/cm3 | 19 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 8.1706 cm3/mol | 8.5203 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 447 | 528 |
| Shear Modulus | 173 GPa | 210 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 220 GPa | 320 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.3 | 0.26 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 MPa | 6.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 1760 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 2160 MPa | 1670 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000064 /K | 0.0000064 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 14000000 S/m | 21000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 7.1e-8 m Ω | 4.7e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.49 | 0.11 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 5.42e-9 m3/kg | 1.67e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 5.48e-10 m3/mol | 3.21e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.000067 | 0.0000377 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 5970 m/s | 4825 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 2607 K | 2739 K |
| Boiling Point | 4423 K | 4701 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.49 | 0.11 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 25.7 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 580 kJ/mol | 560 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Ruthenium | Iridium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-18-8 | CAS7439-88-5 |
| RTECS Number | - | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Ruthenium and Iridium With Other Elements
Compare Ruthenium and Iridium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howRuthenium and Iridium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.