Compare Radium vs Californium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Radium and Californium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Radium and Californium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Radium vs Californium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ra vs Cf on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Radium and Californium.
Radium and Californium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Radium (Ra) and Californium (Cf), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 88 | 98 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ra | Cf |
| Atomic Weight | 226 | 251 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | - |
| Metallic Classification | Alkaline Earth Metal | Actinide |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 2 | Actinide (no group number) |
| Group Name | beryllium family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 7 | period 7 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Rn] 7s2 | [Rn] 5f10 7s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 973 K | 1173 K |
| Boiling Point | 2010 K | - |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-14-4 | CAS7440-71-3 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Radium | Neighborhood Elements of Californium |
History
| Parameter | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Radium was discovered by P. and M. Curie in year 1898 in France. Radium derived its name from the Latin radius, 'ray'. | The element Californium was discovered by S. G. Thompson,K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso and G. T. Seaborg(University of California, Berkeley) in year 1950 in United States. Californium derived its name from California, where the element was first synthesized. |
| Discovery | P. and M. Curie (1898) | S. G. Thompson,K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso and G. T. Seaborg(University of California, Berkeley) (1950) |
| Isolated | M. Curie (1902) | () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | - / - | - / - |
| Abundance in Sun | - / - | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | - / - |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 0.00010 / 0.00001 | - / - |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.00000001 / 0.0000000003 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | 0.000001 / 0.00000003 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 41.09 cm3/mol | 16.5 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | - | - |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | 283 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 514.8, 514.8, 514.8 pm | 338, 338, 1102.5 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 88 | 98 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 88 | 98 |
| Number of Protons | 88 | 98 |
| Mass Number | 226 | 251 |
| Number of Neutrons | 138 | 153 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Rn] 7s2 | [Rn] 5f10 7s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 7s2 | 5f10 7s2 |
| Oxidation State | 2 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 5I8 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Radium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Californium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 202Ra, 203Ra, 204Ra, 205Ra, 206Ra, 207Ra, 208Ra, 209Ra, 210Ra, 211Ra, 212Ra, 213Ra, 214Ra, 215Ra, 216Ra, 217Ra, 218Ra, 219Ra, 220Ra, 221Ra, 222Ra, 223Ra, 224Ra, 225Ra, 226Ra, 227Ra, 228Ra, 229Ra, 230Ra, 231Ra, 232Ra, 233Ra, 234Ra | 237Cf, 238Cf, 239Cf, 240Cf, 241Cf, 242Cf, 243Cf, 244Cf, 245Cf, 246Cf, 247Cf, 248Cf, 249Cf, 250Cf, 251Cf, 252Cf, 253Cf, 254Cf, 255Cf, 256Cf |
| Stable Isotopes | - | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 20 | 2900 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | - | - |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 2 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 0.9 Pauling Scale | 1.3 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 2 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | - | - |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 509.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 979 kJ/mol | 1st: 608 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Radium (5 g/cm³) is less dense than Californium (15.1 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Californium will be heavier than the same volume of Radium. Californium is about 202 denser than Radium
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | - |
| Density | 5 g/cm3 | 15.1 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | - |
| Molar Volume | 41.09 cm3/mol | 16.5 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | - |
| Shear Modulus | - | - |
| Bulk Modulus | - | - |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 19 W/(m K) | - |
| Thermal Expansion | - | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1000000 S/m | - |
| Resistivity | 0.000001 m Ω | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | - | - |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | - |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | - |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | - |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 973 K | 1173 K |
| Boiling Point | 2010 K | - |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 8 kJ/mol | - |
| Heat of Vaporization | 125 kJ/mol | - |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Radium | Californium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-14-4 | CAS7440-71-3 |
| RTECS Number | - | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | - |
| EU Number | EU231-122-4 | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Radium and Californium With Other Elements
Compare Radium and Californium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howRadium and Californium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.