Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Phosphorus vs Ruthenium
Compare Phosphorus and Ruthenium
Compare Phosphorus and Ruthenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Phosphorus vs Ruthenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare P vs Ru on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Atomic Number | 15 | 44 |
Atomic Symbol | P | Ru |
Atomic Weight | 30.973761 | 101.07 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Colorless | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Transition Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 15 | group 8 |
Group Name | nitrogen family | iron family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 5 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
Melting Point | 317.3 K | 2607 K |
Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 4423 K |
CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7440-18-8 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Phosphorus | Neighborhood Elements of Ruthenium |
History
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
History | The element Phosphorus was discovered by H. Brand in year 1669 in Germany. Phosphorus derived its name from the Greek word phoosphoros, 'carrying light'. | The element Ruthenium was discovered by K. Claus in year 1844 in Russia. Ruthenium derived its name from Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia. |
Discovery | H. Brand (1669) | K. Claus (1844) |
Isolated | H. Brand (1669) | K. Claus (1844) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Abundance in Universe | 7000 / 300 | 4 / 0.05 |
Abundance in Sun | 7000 / 300 | 5 / 0.06 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 1100000 / 700000 | 830 / 160 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1000000 / 700000 | 1.0 / 0.2 |
Abundance in Oceans | 70 / 14 | 0.0007 / 0.000043 |
Abundance in Humans | 11000000 / 2200000 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Atomic Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 98 pm | 178 pm |
Covalent Radius | 106 pm | 126 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 180 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | Not available | |
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 1145, 550.3, 1126.1 pm | 270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm |
Lattice Angle | 1.25384, 1.57725, 1.24896 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Space Group Name | P-1 | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 2 | 194 |
Crystal Structure | Simple Triclinic | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Atomic Number | 15 | 44 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 15 | 44 |
Number of Protons | 15 | 44 |
Mass Number | 30.973761 | 101.07 |
Number of Neutrons | 16 | 57 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p3 | 4d7 5s1 |
Oxidation State | -3, 3, 5 | 3, 4 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 | 5F5 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Phosphorus has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Ruthenium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Known Isotopes | 24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 31P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P | 87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 96Ru, 97Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 103Ru, 104Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 31P | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.18 | 2.6 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.0009 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Valence or Valency | 5 | 6 |
Electronegativity | 2.19 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 72 kJ/mol | 101.3 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4963.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6273.9 kJ/mol 6th: 21267 kJ/mol 7th: 25431 kJ/mol 8th: 29872 kJ/mol 9th: 35905 kJ/mol 10th: 40950 kJ/mol 11th: 46261 kJ/mol 12th: 54110 kJ/mol 13th: 59024 kJ/mol 14th: 271791 kJ/mol 15th: 296195 kJ/mol | 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Density | 1.823 g/cm3 | 12.37 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 447 |
Shear Modulus | - | 173 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | 11 GPa | 220 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.3 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | - | 6.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | - |
Brinell Hardness | - | 2160 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 10000000 S/m | 14000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1e-7 m Ω | 7.1e-8 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | - | 0.49 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 0.236 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000064 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.13e-8 m3/kg | 5.42e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.5e-10 m3/mol | 5.48e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000206 | 0.000067 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | 1.001212 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | - | 5970 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
Melting Point | 317.3 K | 2607 K |
Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 4423 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | - | 0.49 |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 0.64 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Phosphorus | Ruthenium |
CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7440-18-8 |
RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSTH3495000, RTECSTH3500000, N/A} | - |
DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | {1338, 1381, 2447} | 3089 |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 4 | - |
NFPA Health Rating | 4 | - |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | - |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |