Compare Neptunium vs Thorium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Neptunium and Thorium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Neptunium and Thorium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Neptunium vs Thorium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Np vs Th on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Neptunium and Thorium.
Neptunium and Thorium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Neptunium (Np) and Thorium (Th), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 93 | 90 |
| Atomic Symbol | Np | Th |
| Atomic Weight | 237 | 232.0381 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Actinide | Actinide |
| Group in Periodic Table | Actinide (no group number) | Actinide (no group number) |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 7 | period 7 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
| Melting Point | 917 K | 2023 K |
| Boiling Point | 4273 K | 5093 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-99-8 | CAS7440-29-1 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Neptunium | Neighborhood Elements of Thorium |
History
| Parameter | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Neptunium was discovered by E.M. McMillan and H. Abelson in year 1940 in United States. Neptunium derived its name from Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System. | The element Thorium was discovered by J. Berzelius in year 1829 in Sweden. Thorium derived its name from Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder. |
| Discovery | E.M. McMillan and H. Abelson (1940) | J. Berzelius (1829) |
| Isolated | () | D. Lely, Jr. and L. Hamburger (1914) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | - / - | 0.4 / 0.002 |
| Abundance in Sun | - / - | 0.3 / 0.002 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | 40 / 3 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | - / - | 6000 / 540 |
| Abundance in Oceans | - / - | 0.00004 / 0.0000011 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 11.5892 cm3/mol | 19.7917 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 175 pm | 180 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum | Not available |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 666.3, 472.3, 488.7 pm | 508.42, 508.42, 508.42 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Pnma | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 62 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Orthorhombic  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 93 | 90 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 93 | 90 |
| Number of Protons | 93 | 90 |
| Mass Number | 237 | 232.0381 |
| Number of Neutrons | 144 | 142 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 5f4 6d1 7s2 | 6d2 7s2 |
| Oxidation State | 5 | 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 6L11/2 | 3F2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Neptunium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Thorium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 225Np, 226Np, 227Np, 228Np, 229Np, 230Np, 231Np, 232Np, 233Np, 234Np, 235Np, 236Np, 237Np, 238Np, 239Np, 240Np, 241Np, 242Np, 243Np, 244Np | 209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 232Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th |
| Stable Isotopes | - | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 232Th |
| Neutron Cross Section | 180 | 7.4 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | - | 0.001 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 6 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 Pauling Scale | 1.3 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 5 | 4 |
| Electron Affinity | - | - |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 604.5 kJ/mol | 1st: 587 kJ/mol 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol 4th: 2780 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Thorium (11.724 g/cm³) is less dense than Neptunium (20.45 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Neptunium will be heavier than the same volume of Thorium. Neptunium is about 74.4 denser than Thorium
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 20.45 g/cm3 | 11.724 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | - |
| Molar Volume | 11.5892 cm3/mol | 19.7917 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 79 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 31 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - | 54 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.27 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 3 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 350 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 400 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 6 W/(m K) | 54 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.000011 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 830000 S/m | 6700000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.0000012 m Ω | 1.5e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 1.38 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | - | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 7.2e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 1.7e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 0.000084 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 2490 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 917 K | 2023 K |
| Boiling Point | 4273 K | 5093 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 1.38 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 10 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 335 kJ/mol | 530 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Neptunium | Thorium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7439-99-8 | CAS7440-29-1 |
| RTECS Number | - | RTECSXO6400000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 7 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 2975 |
| EU Number | - | EU231-139-7 |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 130 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Neptunium and Thorium With Other Elements
Compare Neptunium and Thorium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howNeptunium and Thorium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.