Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Lithium vs Polonium
Compare Lithium and Polonium
Compare Lithium and Polonium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Lithium vs Polonium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Li vs Po on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
| Name | Lithium | Polonium |
| Atomic Number | 3 | 84 |
| Atomic Symbol | Li | Po |
| Atomic Weight | 6.941 | 209 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Alkali Metal | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 1 | group 16 |
| Group Name | lithium family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 2 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [He] 2s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
| Melting Point | 453.69 K | 527 K |
| Boiling Point | 1615 K | 1235 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-93-2 | CAS7440-08-6 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Lithium | Neighborhood Elements of Polonium |
History
| History | The element Lithium was discovered by A. Arfwedson in year 1817 in Sweden. Lithium derived its name the Greek word lithos, meaning 'stone'. | The element Polonium was discovered by P. and M. Curie in year 1898 in France. Polonium derived its name from Named after the home country of Marie Curie(Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium. |
| Discovery | A. Arfwedson (1817) | P. and M. Curie (1898) |
| Isolated | W. T. Brande (1821) | W. Marckwald (1902) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Abundance in Universe | 6 / 1 | - / - |
| Abundance in Sun | 0.06 / 0.01 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1700 / 4600 | - / - |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 17000 / 50000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Oceans | 180 / 160 | 0.00000000002 / 0.0000000000006 |
| Abundance in Humans | 30 / 27 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Atomic Volume | 13.02 cm3/mol | 22.97 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 167 pm | 135 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 134 pm | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | 182 pm | 197 pm |
| Atomic Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 351, 351, 351 pm | 335.9, 335.9, 335.9 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | Pm-3m |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 221 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Simple Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Atomic Number | 3 | 84 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 3 | 84 |
| Number of Protons | 3 | 84 |
| Mass Number | 6.941 | 209 |
| Number of Neutrons | 4 | 125 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [He] 2s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 2s1 | 6s2 6p4 |
| Oxidation State | 1 | -2, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Lithium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Polonium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Known Isotopes | 3Li, 4Li, 5Li, 6Li, 7Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li | 188Po, 189Po, 190Po, 191Po, 192Po, 193Po, 194Po, 195Po, 196Po, 197Po, 198Po, 199Po, 200Po, 201Po, 202Po, 203Po, 204Po, 205Po, 206Po, 207Po, 208Po, 209Po, 210Po, 211Po, 212Po, 213Po, 214Po, 215Po, 216Po, 217Po, 218Po, 219Po, 220Po |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 6Li, 7Li | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.045 | 0.5 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | - | - |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Valence or Valency | 1 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 0.98 Pauling Scale | 2 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 59.6 kJ/mol | 183.3 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 520.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 7298.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 11815 kJ/mol | 1st: 812.1 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Density | 0.535 g/cm3 | 9.196 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 13.02 cm3/mol | 22.97 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 4.9 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 4.2 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 11 GPa | - |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 0.6 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 11000000 S/m | 2300000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 9.4e-8 m Ω | 4.29e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 85 W/(m K) | - |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000046 /K | - |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | - |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.56e-8 m3/kg | - |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.78e-10 m3/mol | - |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.00000137 | - |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 6000 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Melting Point | 453.69 K | 527 K |
| Boiling Point | 1615 K | 1235 K |
| Critical Temperature | 3223 K | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 3 kJ/mol | 13 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 147 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -298 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7439-93-2 | CAS7440-08-6 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSOJ5540000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.3 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 1415 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 2 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | Water Reactive | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 3 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 179 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |