Compare Indium vs Niobium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Indium and Niobium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Indium and Niobium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Indium vs Niobium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare In vs Nb on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Indium and Niobium.
Indium and Niobium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Indium (In) and Niobium (Nb), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 49 | 41 |
| Atomic Symbol | In | Nb |
| Atomic Weight | 114.818 undefined | 92.90638 undefined |
| Phase at STP | Solid undefined | Solid undefined |
| Color | Silver undefined | Gray undefined |
| Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal undefined | Transition Metal undefined |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 5 |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 undefined | period 5 undefined |
| Block in Periodic Table | p undefined-block | d undefined-block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 undefined | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 undefined |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Melting Point | 429.75 undefined | 2750 undefined |
| Boiling Point | 2345 undefined | 5017 undefined |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-74-6 undefined | CAS7440-03-1 undefined |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Indium | Neighborhood Elements of Niobium |
History
| Parameter | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Indium was discovered by F. Reich and T. Richter in year 1863 in Germany. Indium derived its name from indigo. | The element Niobium was discovered by C. Hatchett in year 1801 in United Kingdom. Niobium derived its name from Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology. |
| Discovery | F. Reich and T. Richter (1863) | C. Hatchett (1801) |
| Isolated | T. Richter (1867) | W. Blomstrand (1864) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.3 / 0.003 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4 / 0.04 | 4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 45 / 10 | 190 / 30 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 160 / 30 | 17000 / 3700 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0001 / 0.000005 | 0.001 / 0.000067 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 15.707 undefined | 10.841 undefined |
| Atomic Radius | 156 undefined | 198 undefined |
| Covalent Radius | 144 undefined | 137 undefined |
| Van der Waals Radius | 193 undefined | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 325.23, 325.23, 494.61 | 330.04, 330.04, 330.04 |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | I4/mmm undefined | Im_ 3m undefined |
| Space Group Number | 139 undefined | 229 undefined |
| Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal undefined  | Body Centered Cubic undefined  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 49 | 41 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 49 | 41 |
| Number of Protons | 49 | 41 |
| Mass Number | 114.818 | 92.90638 |
| Number of Neutrons | 66 | 52 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 undefined | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 undefined |
| Valence Electrons | 5s2 5p1 undefined | 4d4 5s1 undefined |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 undefined | 6D1/2 undefined |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Indium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Niobium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 97In, 98In, 99In, 100In, 101In, 102In, 103In, 104In, 105In, 106In, 107In, 108In, 109In, 110In, 111In, 112In, 113In, 114In, 115In, 116In, 117In, 118In, 119In, 120In, 121In, 122In, 123In, 124In, 125In, 126In, 127In, 128In, 129In, 130In, 131In, 132In, 133In, 134In, 135In | 81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 93Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 113In | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 93Nb |
| Neutron Cross Section | 194 undefined | 1.15 undefined |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.06 undefined | 0.0004 undefined |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 undefined | 5 undefined |
| Electronegativity | 1.78 undefined | 1.6 undefined |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 5 |
| Electron Affinity | 28.9 undefined | 86.1 undefined |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 558.3 undefined 2nd: 1820.7 undefined 3rd: 2704 undefined 4th: 5210 undefined | 1st: 652.1 undefined 2nd: 1380 undefined 3rd: 2416 undefined 4th: 3700 undefined 5th: 4877 undefined 6th: 9847 undefined 7th: 12100 undefined |
Physical Properties
Indium (7.31 g/cm³) is less dense than Niobium (8.57 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Niobium will be heavier than the same volume of Indium. Niobium is about 17.2 denser than Indium
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid undefined | Solid undefined |
| Color | Silver undefined | Gray undefined |
| Density | 7.31 undefined | 8.57 undefined |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 7.02 undefined | - |
| Molar Volume | 15.707 undefined | 10.841 undefined |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 11 undefined | 105 undefined |
| Shear Modulus | - | 38 undefined |
| Bulk Modulus | - | 170 undefined |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.4 undefined |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 1.2 undefined | 6 undefined |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 1320 undefined |
| Brinell Hardness | 8.83 undefined | 736 undefined |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 82 undefined | 54 undefined |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000321 undefined | 0.00000729 undefined |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 12000000 undefined | 6700000 undefined |
| Resistivity | 8e-8 undefined | 1.5e-7 undefined |
| Superconducting Point | 3.41 undefined | 9.25 undefined |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic undefined | Paramagnetic undefined |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.4e-9 undefined | 2.76e-8 undefined |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.61e-10 undefined | 2.56e-9 undefined |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000102 undefined | 0.000237 undefined |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1215 undefined | 3480 undefined |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 429.75 undefined | 2750 undefined |
| Boiling Point | 2345 undefined | 5017 undefined |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 3.41 undefined | 9.25 undefined |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 3.26 undefined | 26.8 undefined |
| Heat of Vaporization | 230 undefined | 690 undefined |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Indium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-74-6 undefined | CAS7440-03-1 undefined |
| RTECS Number | RTECSNL1050000 undefined | RTECSQT9900000 undefined |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 undefined | - |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 undefined | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Indium and Niobium With Other Elements
Compare Indium and Niobium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howIndium and Niobium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.