Compare Germanium vs Osmium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Germanium and Osmium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Germanium and Osmium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Germanium vs Osmium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ge vs Os on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Germanium and Osmium.
Germanium and Osmium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Germanium (Ge) and Osmium (Os), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 32 | 76 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ge | Os |
| Atomic Weight | 72.64 | 190.23 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | SlateGray |
| Metallic Classification | Metalloid | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 8 |
| Group Name | carbon family | iron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1211.4 K | 3306 K |
| Boiling Point | 3093 K | 5285 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-56-4 | CAS7440-04-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Germanium | Neighborhood Elements of Osmium |
History
| Parameter | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Germanium was discovered by C. A. Winkler in year 1886 in Germany. Germanium derived its name from Germania, the Latin name for Germany. | The element Osmium was discovered by S. Tennant in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Osmium derived its name from the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell'. |
| Discovery | C. A. Winkler (1886) | S. Tennant (1803) |
| Isolated | () | S. Tennant (1803) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 200 / 3 | 3 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 200 / 3 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 21000 / 4900 | 670 / 70 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1400 / 390 | 1.8 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.06 / 0.0051 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 13.646 cm3/mol | 8.421 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 125 pm | 185 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 122 pm | 128 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 211 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 565.75, 565.75, 565.75 pm | 273.44, 273.44, 431.73 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 32 | 76 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 32 | 76 |
| Number of Protons | 32 | 76 |
| Mass Number | 72.64 | 190.23 |
| Number of Neutrons | 41 | 114 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p2 | 5d6 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | -4, 2, 4 | 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 5D4 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Germanium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Osmium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 70Ge, 71Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge | 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 184Os, 185Os, 186Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 191Os, 192Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192Os |
| Neutron Cross Section | 2.2 | 15 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0011 | 0.0023 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.01 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -4, 2, 4 | 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 119 kJ/mol | 106.1 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 762 kJ/mol 2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4411 kJ/mol 5th: 9020 kJ/mol | 1st: 840 kJ/mol 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Germanium (5.323 g/cm³) is less dense than Osmium (22.59 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Osmium will be heavier than the same volume of Germanium. Osmium is about 324.40000000000003 denser than Germanium
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | SlateGray |
| Density | 5.323 g/cm3 | 22.59 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 5.6 g/cm3 | 20 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 13.646 cm3/mol | 8.421 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | - |
| Shear Modulus | - | 222 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - | - |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.25 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 6 MPa | 7 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 3920 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 60 W/(m K) | 88 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000006 /K | 0.0000051 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 2000 S/m | 12000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.0005 m Ω | 8.1e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.66 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.5e-9 m3/kg | 6e-10 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.09e-10 m3/mol | 1.1e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.00000798 | 0.000014 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 5400 m/s | 4940 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1211.4 K | 3306 K |
| Boiling Point | 3093 K | 5285 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.66 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 31.8 kJ/mol | 31 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 334 kJ/mol | 630 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -536 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Germanium | Osmium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-56-4 | CAS7440-04-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLY5200000 | RTECSRN1100000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 4 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Germanium and Osmium With Other Elements
Compare Germanium and Osmium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howGermanium and Osmium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.