Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gallium vs Phosphorus
Compare Gallium and Phosphorus
Compare Gallium and Phosphorus on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gallium vs Phosphorus with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ga vs P on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Atomic Number | 31 | 15 |
Atomic Symbol | Ga | P |
Atomic Weight | 69.723 | 30.973761 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Colorless |
Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Other Nonmetal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 15 |
Group Name | boron family | nitrogen family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 3 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 5 |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 317.3 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 553.6 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7723-14-0 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium | Neighborhood Elements of Phosphorus |
History
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
History | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. | The element Phosphorus was discovered by H. Brand in year 1669 in Germany. Phosphorus derived its name from the Greek word phoosphoros, 'carrying light'. |
Discovery | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) | H. Brand (1669) |
Isolated | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () | H. Brand (1669) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.2 | 7000 / 300 |
Abundance in Sun | 40 / 0.6 | 7000 / 300 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 7800 / 2000 | 1100000 / 700000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 19000 / 5500 | 1000000 / 700000 |
Abundance in Oceans | 0.03 / 0.0027 | 70 / 14 |
Abundance in Humans | - / - | 11000000 / 2200000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Atomic Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 16.991 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 136 pm | 98 pm |
Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 106 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 187 pm | 180 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | Not available | |
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm | 1145, 550.3, 1126.1 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | 1.25384, 1.57725, 1.24896 |
Space Group Name | Cmca | P-1 |
Space Group Number | 64 | 2 |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic | Simple Triclinic |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Atomic Number | 31 | 15 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 31 | 15 |
Number of Protons | 31 | 15 |
Mass Number | 69.723 | 30.973761 |
Number of Neutrons | 39 | 16 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 5 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 | 3s2 3p3 |
Oxidation State | 3 | -3, 3, 5 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 4S3/2 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Phosphorus has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Known Isotopes | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga | 24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 31P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 31P |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.9 | 0.18 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0015 | 0.0002 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Valence or Valency | 3 | 5 |
Electronegativity | 1.81 Pauling Scale | 2.19 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol | 72 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol | 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4963.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6273.9 kJ/mol 6th: 21267 kJ/mol 7th: 25431 kJ/mol 8th: 29872 kJ/mol 9th: 35905 kJ/mol 10th: 40950 kJ/mol 11th: 46261 kJ/mol 12th: 54110 kJ/mol 13th: 59024 kJ/mol 14th: 271791 kJ/mol 15th: 296195 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Density | 5.904 g/cm3 | 1.823 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 16.991 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | - |
Shear Modulus | - | - |
Bulk Modulus | - | 11 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | - |
Vickers Hardness | - | - |
Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 7100000 S/m | 10000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.39e-7 m Ω | 1e-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.00012 /K | - |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | -1.13e-8 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09e-10 m3/mol | -3.5e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000177 | -0.0000206 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | 1.001212 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 2740 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 317.3 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 553.6 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Gallium | Phosphorus |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7723-14-0 |
RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 | {N/A, RTECSTH3495000, RTECSTH3500000, N/A} |
DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | 2803 | {1338, 1381, 2447} |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 4 |
NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 4 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 2 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gallium with all Group 13 elementsCompare Gallium with all Period 4 elementsGallium vs PotassiumGallium vs CalciumGallium vs ScandiumGallium vs TitaniumGallium vs VanadiumGallium vs ChromiumGallium vs ManganeseGallium vs IronGallium vs CobaltGallium vs NickelGallium vs CopperGallium vs ZincGallium vs GermaniumGallium vs ArsenicGallium vs SeleniumGallium vs BromineGallium vs Krypton Compare Gallium with all Post Transition Metal elements | Compare Phosphorus with all Group 15 elementsPhosphorus vs NitrogenPhosphorus vs ArsenicPhosphorus vs AntimonyPhosphorus vs BismuthPhosphorus vs Moscovium Compare Phosphorus with all Period 3 elementsPhosphorus vs SodiumPhosphorus vs MagnesiumPhosphorus vs AluminiumPhosphorus vs SiliconPhosphorus vs SulfurPhosphorus vs ChlorinePhosphorus vs Argon Compare Phosphorus with all Other Nonmetal elements |