Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gallium vs Carbon
Compare Gallium and Carbon
Compare Gallium and Carbon on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gallium vs Carbon with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ga vs C on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Atomic Number | 31 | 6 |
Atomic Symbol | Ga | C |
Atomic Weight | 69.723 | 12.0107 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Black |
Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Other Nonmetal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 14 |
Group Name | boron family | carbon family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 2 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [He] 2s2 2p2 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 4 |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 3823 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 4300 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-44-0 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium | Neighborhood Elements of Carbon |
History
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
History | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. | The element Carbon was discovered by Egyptians and Sumerians in year 3750 BCE. Carbon derived its name the Latin word carbo, meaning 'coal'. |
Discovery | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) | Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BCE) |
Isolated | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () | () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.2 | 5000000 / 500000 |
Abundance in Sun | 40 / 0.6 | 3000000 / 300000 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 7800 / 2000 | 15000000 / 18000000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 19000 / 5500 | 1800000 / 3100000 |
Abundance in Oceans | 0.03 / 0.0027 | 28000 / 14400 |
Abundance in Humans | - / - | 230000000 / 120000000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Atomic Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 5.29 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 136 pm | 67 pm |
Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 77 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 187 pm | 170 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ||
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm | 246.4, 246.4, 671.1 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Space Group Name | Cmca | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 64 | 194 |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Atomic Number | 31 | 6 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 31 | 6 |
Number of Protons | 31 | 6 |
Mass Number | 69.723 | 12.0107 |
Number of Neutrons | 39 | 6 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 4 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [He] 2s2 2p2 |
Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 | 2s2 2p2 |
Oxidation State | 3 | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 3P0 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Carbon has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Known Isotopes | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga | 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 12C, 13C |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.9 | 0.0035 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0015 | 0.000015 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Valence or Valency | 3 | 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.81 Pauling Scale | 2.55 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol | 153.9 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol | 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol 4th: 6222.7 kJ/mol 5th: 37831 kJ/mol 6th: 47277 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Density | 5.904 g/cm3 | 2.26 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 5.29 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | - |
Shear Modulus | - | - |
Bulk Modulus | - | 33 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | 0.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | - |
Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 7100000 S/m | 100000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.39e-7 m Ω | 0.00001 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.00012 /K | 0.0000071 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | -6.2e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09e-10 m3/mol | -7.45e-11 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000177 | -0.000014 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | 2.417 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 2740 m/s | 18350 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 3823 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 4300 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 105 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 715 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | -393.5 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Gallium | Carbon |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-44-0 |
RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 | {RTECSHL4158550, RTECSFF5250100, RTECSMD9659600, N/A} |
DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 4.2 |
DOT Numbers | 2803 | 1361 |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 1 |
NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 0 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gallium with all Group 13 elementsCompare Gallium with all Period 4 elementsGallium vs PotassiumGallium vs CalciumGallium vs ScandiumGallium vs TitaniumGallium vs VanadiumGallium vs ChromiumGallium vs ManganeseGallium vs IronGallium vs CobaltGallium vs NickelGallium vs CopperGallium vs ZincGallium vs GermaniumGallium vs ArsenicGallium vs SeleniumGallium vs BromineGallium vs Krypton Compare Gallium with all Post Transition Metal elements | Compare Carbon with all Group 14 elementsCompare Carbon with all Period 2 elementsCarbon vs LithiumCarbon vs BerylliumCarbon vs BoronCarbon vs NitrogenCarbon vs OxygenCarbon vs FluorineCarbon vs Neon Compare Carbon with all Other Nonmetal elements |