Compare Chromium vs Gold: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Chromium and Gold on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Chromium and Gold comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Chromium vs Gold with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Cr vs Au on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Chromium and Gold.
Chromium and Gold Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Chromium (Cr) and Gold (Au), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 24 | 79 |
| Atomic Symbol | Cr | Au |
| Atomic Weight | 51.9961 | 196.96655 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 6 | group 11 |
| Group Name | chromium family | copper family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 13, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Melting Point | 2180 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 2944 K | 3129 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-47-3 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Chromium | Neighborhood Elements of Gold |
History
| Parameter | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Chromium was discovered by N. Vauquelin in year 1797 in France. Chromium derived its name from the Greek word chroma, meaning 'color'. | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). |
| Discovery | N. Vauquelin (1797) | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) |
| Isolated | N. Vauquelin (1798) | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 15000 / 400 | 0.6 / 0.004 |
| Abundance in Sun | 20000 / 400 | 1 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 3100000 / 1200000 | 170 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 140000 / 55000 | 3.1 / 0.3 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.6 / 0.071 | 0.05 / 0.0016 |
| Abundance in Humans | 30 / 4 | 100 / 3 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 7.2824 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 166 pm | 174 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 127 pm | 144 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 166 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 291, 291, 291 pm | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 24 | 79 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 24 | 79 |
| Number of Protons | 24 | 79 |
| Mass Number | 51.9961 | 196.96655 |
| Number of Neutrons | 28 | 118 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 13, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d5 4s1 | 5d10 6s1 |
| Oxidation State | 2, 3, 6 | 1, 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 7S3 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Chromium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 42Cr, 43Cr, 44Cr, 45Cr, 46Cr, 47Cr, 48Cr, 49Cr, 50Cr, 51Cr, 52Cr, 53Cr, 54Cr, 55Cr, 56Cr, 57Cr, 58Cr, 59Cr, 60Cr, 61Cr, 62Cr, 63Cr, 64Cr, 65Cr, 66Cr, 67Cr | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 50Cr, 52Cr, 53Cr, 54Cr | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au |
| Neutron Cross Section | 3.1 | 98.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0021 | 0.017 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 6 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 1.66 Pauling Scale | 2.54 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 2, 3, 6 | 1, 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 64.3 kJ/mol | 222.8 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 652.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1590.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 2987 kJ/mol 4th: 4743 kJ/mol 5th: 6702 kJ/mol 6th: 8744.9 kJ/mol 7th: 15455 kJ/mol 8th: 17820 kJ/mol 9th: 20190 kJ/mol 10th: 23580 kJ/mol 11th: 26130 kJ/mol 12th: 28750 kJ/mol 13th: 34230 kJ/mol 14th: 37066 kJ/mol 15th: 97510 kJ/mol 16th: 105800 kJ/mol 17th: 114300 kJ/mol 18th: 125300 kJ/mol 19th: 134700 kJ/mol 20th: 144300 kJ/mol 21st: 157700 kJ/mol 22nd: 166090 kJ/mol 23rd: 721870 kJ/mol 24th: 761733 kJ/mol | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Chromium (7.14 g/cm³) is less dense than Gold (19.3 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Gold will be heavier than the same volume of Chromium. Gold is about 170.3 denser than Chromium
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gold |
| Density | 7.14 g/cm3 | 19.3 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.3 g/cm3 | 17.31 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 7.2824 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 279 | 78 |
| Shear Modulus | 115 GPa | 27 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 160 GPa | 220 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.21 | 0.44 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 8.5 MPa | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 1060 MPa | 216 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 1120 MPa | 2450 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 94 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000049 /K | 0.0000142 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 7900000 S/m | 45000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.3e-7 m Ω | 2.2e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Antiferromagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.45e-8 m3/kg | -1.78e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.314e-9 m3/mol | -3.51e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0003177 | -0.0000344 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 5940 m/s | 1740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 2180 K | 1337.33 K |
| Boiling Point | 2944 K | 3129 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 20.5 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 339 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Chromium | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-47-3 | CAS7440-57-5 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSGB4200000 | RTECSMD5070000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 400 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Chromium and Gold With Other Elements
Compare Chromium and Gold with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howChromium and Gold stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.
Compare Chromium with all Group 6 elementsCompare Chromium with all Period 4 elementsCompare Chromium with all Transition Metal elements | Compare Gold with all Group 11 elementsCompare Gold with all Period 6 elementsCompare Gold with all Transition Metal elements |