Compare Aluminium vs Boron: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Aluminium and Boron on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Aluminium and Boron comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Aluminium vs Boron with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Al vs B on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Aluminium and Boron.
Aluminium and Boron Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Aluminium (Al) and Boron (B), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 13 | 5 |
| Atomic Symbol | Al | B |
| Atomic Weight | 26.981538 | 10.811 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Black |
| Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 13 |
| Group Name | boron family | boron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 2 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 3 | 2, 3 |
| Melting Point | 933.47 K | 2348 K |
| Boiling Point | 2792 K | 4273 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7429-90-5 | CAS7440-42-8 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Aluminium | Neighborhood Elements of Boron |
History
| Parameter | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Aluminium was discovered by H.C.Ørsted in year 1825 in Denmark. Aluminium derived its name from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum). | The element Boron was discovered by L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard in year 1808 in France and United Kingdom. Boron derived its name from borax, a mineral. |
| Discovery | H.C.Ørsted (1825) | L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard (1808) |
| Isolated | H.C.Ørsted (1825) | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 50000 / 2000 | 1 / 0.1 |
| Abundance in Sun | 60000 / 3000 | 2 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 9300000 / 6700000 | 1600 / 3000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 82000000 / 63000000 | 8700 / 17000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 5 / 1.1 | 4440 / 2500 |
| Abundance in Humans | 900 / 210 | 700 / 410 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 9.99 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 118 pm | 87 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 118 pm | 82 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 184 pm | 192 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  | Not available |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 404.95, 404.95, 404.95 pm | 506, 506, 506 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | 1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | R_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 166 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Simple Trigonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 13 | 5 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 13 | 5 |
| Number of Protons | 13 | 5 |
| Mass Number | 26.981538 | 10.811 |
| Number of Neutrons | 14 | 6 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 3 | 2, 3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p1 | 2s2 2p1 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 2P1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Aluminium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Boron has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 27Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al | 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 27Al | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 10B, 11B |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.233 | 755 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.03 | 2.4 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.61 Pauling Scale | 2.04 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 42.5 kJ/mol | 26.7 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol 4th: 11577 kJ/mol 5th: 14842 kJ/mol 6th: 18379 kJ/mol 7th: 23326 kJ/mol 8th: 27465 kJ/mol 9th: 31853 kJ/mol 10th: 38473 kJ/mol 11th: 42647 kJ/mol 12th: 201266 kJ/mol 13th: 222316 kJ/mol | 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol 4th: 25025.8 kJ/mol 5th: 32826.7 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Boron (2.46 g/cm³) is less dense than Aluminium (2.7 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Aluminium will be heavier than the same volume of Boron. Aluminium is about 9.8 denser than Boron
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Black |
| Density | 2.7 g/cm3 | 2.46 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 2.375 g/cm3 | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 9.99 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 70 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 26 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 76 GPa | 320 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.35 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.75 MPa | 9.3 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 167 MPa | 49000 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 245 MPa | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 235 W/(m K) | 27 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000231 /K | 0.000006 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 38000000 S/m | 0.0001 S/m |
| Resistivity | 2.6e-8 m Ω | 10000 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 1.175 | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 7.8e-9 m3/kg | -8.7e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.1e-10 m3/mol | -9.41e-11 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0000211 | -0.0000214 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 5100 m/s | 16200 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 933.47 K | 2348 K |
| Boiling Point | 2792 K | 4273 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 1.175 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 10.7 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 293 kJ/mol | 507 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Aluminium | Boron |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7429-90-5 | CAS7440-42-8 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSBD0330000 | RTECSED7350000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.3 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 1396 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 3 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 400 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | 645 °C | - |
Compare Aluminium and Boron With Other Elements
Compare Aluminium and Boron with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howAluminium and Boron stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.
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