Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Chlorine vs Gold
Compare Chlorine and Gold
Compare Chlorine and Gold on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Chlorine vs Gold with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Cl vs Au on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Atomic Number | 17 | 79 |
Atomic Symbol | Cl | Au |
Atomic Weight | 35.453 | 196.96655 |
Phase at STP | Gas | Solid |
Color | Yellow | Gold |
Metallic Classification | Halogens | Transition Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 17 | group 11 |
Group Name | fluorine family | copper family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 6 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 7 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
Melting Point | 171.6 K | 1337.33 K |
Boiling Point | 239.11 K | 3129 K |
CAS Number | CAS7782-50-5 | CAS7440-57-5 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Chlorine | Neighborhood Elements of Gold |
History
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
History | The element Chlorine was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1774 in Sweden. Chlorine derived its name from the Greek word chloros, meaning 'greenish yellow'. | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). |
Discovery | W. Scheele (1774) | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) |
Isolated | W. Scheele (1774) | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Abundance in Universe | 1000 / 40 | 0.6 / 0.004 |
Abundance in Sun | 8000 / 300 | 1 / 0.01 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 380000 / 160000 | 170 / 20 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 170000 / 100000 | 3.1 / 0.3 |
Abundance in Oceans | 19870000 / 3470000 | 0.05 / 0.0016 |
Abundance in Humans | 1200000 / 210000 | 100 / 3 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Atomic Volume | 22.4129 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 79 pm | 174 pm |
Covalent Radius | 99 pm | 144 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 175 pm | 166 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ||
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 622.35, 445.61, 817.85 pm | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Space Group Name | Cmca | Fm_ 3m |
Space Group Number | 64 | 225 |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic | Face Centered Cubic |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Atomic Number | 17 | 79 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 17 | 79 |
Number of Protons | 17 | 79 |
Mass Number | 35.453 | 196.96655 |
Number of Neutrons | 18 | 118 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 7 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p5 | 5d10 6s1 |
Oxidation State | -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 | 1, 3 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P3/2 | 2S1/2 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Chlorine has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Known Isotopes | 28Cl, 29Cl, 30Cl, 31Cl, 32Cl, 33Cl, 34Cl, 35Cl, 36Cl, 37Cl, 38Cl, 39Cl, 40Cl, 41Cl, 42Cl, 43Cl, 44Cl, 45Cl, 46Cl, 47Cl, 48Cl, 49Cl, 50Cl, 51Cl | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 35Cl, 37Cl | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au |
Neutron Cross Section | 35.3 | 98.7 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.033 | 0.017 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Valence or Valency | 5 | 5 |
Electronegativity | 3.16 Pauling Scale | 2.54 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 349 kJ/mol | 222.8 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 1251.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 2298 kJ/mol 3rd: 3822 kJ/mol 4th: 5158.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6542 kJ/mol 6th: 9362 kJ/mol 7th: 11018 kJ/mol 8th: 33604 kJ/mol 9th: 38600 kJ/mol 10th: 43961 kJ/mol 11th: 51068 kJ/mol 12th: 57119 kJ/mol 13th: 63363 kJ/mol 14th: 72341 kJ/mol 15th: 78095 kJ/mol 16th: 352994 kJ/mol 17th: 380760 kJ/mol | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Density | 0.003214 g/cm3 | 19.3 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 22.4129 cm3/mol | 10.21 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 78 |
Shear Modulus | - | 27 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | 1.1 GPa | 220 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.44 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | - | 2.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | 216 MPa |
Brinell Hardness | - | 2450 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 0.01 S/m | 45000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 100 m Ω | 2.2e-8 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000142 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -7.2e-9 m3/kg | -1.78e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -5.11e-10 m3/mol | -3.51e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.31e-8 | -0.0000344 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | 1.000773 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 206 m/s | 1740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
Melting Point | 171.6 K | 1337.33 K |
Boiling Point | 239.11 K | 3129 K |
Critical Temperature | 416.9 K | - |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Chlorine | Gold |
CAS Number | CAS7782-50-5 | CAS7440-57-5 |
RTECS Number | RTECSFO2100000 | RTECSMD5070000 |
DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
DOT Numbers | 1017 | - |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |