Compare Silicon vs Copper: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Silicon and Copper on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Silicon and Copper comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Silicon vs Copper with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Si vs Cu on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Silicon and Copper.
Silicon and Copper Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Silicon (Si) and Copper (Cu), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 14 | 29 |
| Atomic Symbol | Si | Cu |
| Atomic Weight | 28.0855 | 63.546 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Copper |
| Metallic Classification | Metalloid | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 11 |
| Group Name | carbon family | copper family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1687 K | 1357.77 K |
| Boiling Point | 3173 K | 3200 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-21-3 | CAS7440-50-8 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Silicon | Neighborhood Elements of Copper |
History
| Parameter | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Silicon was discovered by J. Berzelius in year 1823 in Sweden. Silicon derived its name from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium). | The element Copper was discovered by Middle East in year 9000 BCE. Copper derived its name from English word (Latin cuprum). |
| Discovery | J. Berzelius (1823) | Middle East (9000 BCE) |
| Isolated | J. Berzelius (1823) | Anatolia (6000 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 700000 / 30000 | 60 / 1 |
| Abundance in Sun | 900000 / 40000 | 700 / 10 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 140000000 / 100000000 | 110000 / 31000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 270000000 / 200000000 | 68000 / 22000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 1000 / 220 | 3 / 0.29 |
| Abundance in Humans | 260000 / 58000 | 1000 / 99 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 12.054 cm3/mol | 7.124 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 111 pm | 145 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 111 pm | 138 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 210 pm | 140 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 543.09, 543.09, 543.09 pm | 361.49, 361.49, 361.49 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fd_ 3m | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 227 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Tetrahedral Packing  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 14 | 29 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 14 | 29 |
| Number of Protons | 14 | 29 |
| Mass Number | 28.0855 | 63.546 |
| Number of Neutrons | 14 | 35 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p2 | 3d10 4s1 |
| Oxidation State | -4, 4 | 1, 2 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Silicon has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Copper has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 28Si, 29Si, 30Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si | 52Cu, 53Cu, 54Cu, 55Cu, 56Cu, 57Cu, 58Cu, 59Cu, 60Cu, 61Cu, 62Cu, 63Cu, 64Cu, 65Cu, 66Cu, 67Cu, 68Cu, 69Cu, 70Cu, 71Cu, 72Cu, 73Cu, 74Cu, 75Cu, 76Cu, 77Cu, 78Cu, 79Cu, 80Cu |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 28Si, 29Si, 30Si | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 63Cu, 65Cu |
| Neutron Cross Section | 171 | 3.78 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.0021 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 2 |
| Electronegativity | 1.9 Pauling Scale | 1.9 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | -4, 4 | 1, 2 |
| Electron Affinity | 133.6 kJ/mol | 118.4 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 786.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol 4th: 4355.5 kJ/mol 5th: 16091 kJ/mol 6th: 19805 kJ/mol 7th: 23780 kJ/mol 8th: 29287 kJ/mol 9th: 33878 kJ/mol 10th: 38726 kJ/mol 11th: 45962 kJ/mol 12th: 50502 kJ/mol 13th: 235196 kJ/mol 14th: 257923 kJ/mol | 1st: 745.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol 4th: 5536 kJ/mol 5th: 7700 kJ/mol 6th: 9900 kJ/mol 7th: 13400 kJ/mol 8th: 16000 kJ/mol 9th: 19200 kJ/mol 10th: 22400 kJ/mol 11th: 25600 kJ/mol 12th: 35600 kJ/mol 13th: 38700 kJ/mol 14th: 42000 kJ/mol 15th: 46700 kJ/mol 16th: 50200 kJ/mol 17th: 53700 kJ/mol 18th: 61100 kJ/mol 19th: 64702 kJ/mol 20th: 163700 kJ/mol 21st: 174100 kJ/mol 22nd: 184900 kJ/mol 23rd: 198800 kJ/mol 24th: 210500 kJ/mol 25th: 222700 kJ/mol 26th: 239100 kJ/mol 27th: 249660 kJ/mol 28th: 1067358 kJ/mol 29th: 1116105 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Silicon (2.33 g/cm³) is less dense than Copper (8.92 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Copper will be heavier than the same volume of Silicon. Copper is about 282.8 denser than Silicon
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Copper |
| Density | 2.33 g/cm3 | 8.92 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 2.57 g/cm3 | 8.02 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 12.054 cm3/mol | 7.124 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 47 | 130 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 48 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 100 GPa | 140 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.34 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 MPa | 3 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 369 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 874 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 150 W/(m K) | 400 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000026 /K | 0.0000165 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1000 S/m | 59000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.001 m Ω | 1.7e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.6e-9 m3/kg | -1.08e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -4.49e-11 m3/mol | -6.86e-11 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.00000373 | -0.00000963 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2200 m/s | 3570 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1687 K | 1357.77 K |
| Boiling Point | 3173 K | 3200 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | 13.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 359 kJ/mol | 300 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -9055 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Silicon | Copper |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-21-3 | CAS7440-50-8 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSVW0400000 | RTECSGL5325000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 1346 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 1 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 150 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Silicon and Copper With Other Elements
Compare Silicon and Copper with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howSilicon and Copper stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.