Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Magnesium vs Germanium

Compare Magnesium and Germanium

Compare Magnesium and Germanium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Magnesium vs Germanium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Mg vs Ge on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.

Name	Magnesium	Germanium
Atomic Number	12	32
Atomic Symbol	Mg	Ge
Atomic Weight	24.305	72.64
Phase at STP	Solid	Solid
Color	Silver	Gray
Metallic Classification	Alkaline Earth Metal	Metalloid
Group in Periodic Table	group 2	group 14
Group Name	beryllium family	carbon family
Period in Periodic Table	period 3	period 4
Block in Periodic Table	s -block	p -block
Electronic Configuration	[Ne] 3s2	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)	2, 8, 2	2, 8, 18, 4
Melting Point	923 K	1211.4 K
Boiling Point	1363 K	3093 K
CAS Number	CAS7439-95-4	CAS7440-56-4
Neighborhood Elements	Neighborhood Elements of Magnesium	Neighborhood Elements of Germanium

History	The element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece.	The element Germanium was discovered by C. A. Winkler in year 1886 in Germany. Germanium derived its name from Germania, the Latin name for Germany.
Discovery	J. Black (1755)	C. A. Winkler (1886)
Isolated	H. Davy (1808)	()

Abundance in Universe	600000 / 30000	200 / 3
Abundance in Sun	700000 / 30000	200 / 3
Abundance in Meteorites	120000000 / 100000000	21000 / 4900
Abundance in Earth's Crust	29000000 / 25000000	1400 / 390
Abundance in Oceans	1326000 / 337000	0.06 / 0.0051
Abundance in Humans	270000 / 70000	- / -

Atomic Volume	13.984 cm3/mol	13.646 cm3/mol
Atomic Radius	145 pm	125 pm
Covalent Radius	130 pm	122 pm
Van der Waals Radius	173 pm	211 pm
Atomic Spectrum
Lattice Constant	320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm	565.75, 565.75, 565.75 pm
Lattice Angle	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3	π/2, π/2, π/2
Space Group Name	P63/mmc	Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number	194	225
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal	Face Centered Cubic

Atomic Number	12	32
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	12	32
Number of Protons	12	32
Mass Number	24.305	72.64
Number of Neutrons	12	41
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 2	2, 8, 18, 4
Electron Configuration	[Ne] 3s2	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Valence Electrons	3s2	4s2 4p2
Oxidation State	2	-4, 2, 4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	1S0	3P0
Shell structure

Known Isotopes	19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg	58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 70Ge, 71Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge
Stable Isotopes	Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg	Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge
Neutron Cross Section	0.063	2.2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0001	0.0011

Valence or Valency	2	4
Electronegativity	1.31 Pauling Scale	2.01 Pauling Scale
Electron Affinity	0 kJ/mol	119 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol 4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol 5th: 13630 kJ/mol 6th: 18020 kJ/mol 7th: 21711 kJ/mol 8th: 25661 kJ/mol 9th: 31653 kJ/mol 10th: 35458 kJ/mol 11th: 169988 kJ/mol 12th: 189368 kJ/mol	1st: 762 kJ/mol 2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4411 kJ/mol 5th: 9020 kJ/mol

Density	1.738 g/cm3	5.323 g/cm3
Molar Volume	13.984 cm3/mol	13.646 cm3/mol
Elastic Properties
Young Modulus	45	-
Shear Modulus	17 GPa	-
Bulk Modulus	45 GPa	-
Poisson Ratio	0.29	-
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Mohs Hardness	2.5 MPa	6 MPa
Vickers Hardness	-	-
Brinell Hardness	260 MPa	-
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity	23000000 S/m	2000 S/m
Resistivity	4.4e-8 m Ω	0.0005 m Ω
Superconducting Point	-	-
Heat and Conduction Properties
Thermal Conductivity	160 W/(m K)	60 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000082 /K	0.000006 /K
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Type	Paramagnetic	Diamagnetic
Curie Point	-	-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility	6.9e-9 m3/kg	-1.5e-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility	1.68e-10 m3/mol	-1.09e-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility	0.000012	-0.00000798
Optical Properties
Refractive Index	-	-
Acoustic Properties
Speed of Sound	4602 m/s	5400 m/s

CAS Number	CAS7439-95-4	CAS7440-56-4
RTECS Number	-	RTECSLY5200000
DOT Hazard Class	4.1	4.1
DOT Numbers	2950	3089
EU Number	-	-
NFPA Fire Rating	1	0
NFPA Hazards	-	-
NFPA Health Rating	0	1
NFPA Reactivity Rating	1	0
AutoIgnition Point	472 °C	-
Flashpoint	500 °C	-

Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Magnesium vs Germanium

Compare Magnesium and Germanium

Facts

History

Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure

Atomic and Orbital Properties

Isotopes and Nuclear Properties

Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity

Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Electrical Properties

Heat and Conduction Properties

Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties

Acoustic Properties

Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Enthalpies

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Compare With Other Elements

Compare Magnesium with all Group 2 elements

Compare Magnesium with all Period 3 elements

Compare Magnesium with all Alkaline Earth Metal elements

Compare Germanium with all Group 14 elements

Compare Germanium with all Period 4 elements

Compare Germanium with all Metalloid elements