Compare Helium vs Sodium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Helium and Sodium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Helium and Sodium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Helium vs Sodium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare He vs Na on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Helium and Sodium.
Helium and Sodium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Helium (He) and Sodium (Na), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 2 | 11 |
| Atomic Symbol | He | Na |
| Atomic Weight | 4.002602 | 22.98977 |
| Phase at STP | Gas | Solid |
| Color | Colorless | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Noble Gas | Alkali Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 18 | group 1 |
| Group Name | helium family or neon family | lithium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 1 | period 3 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | s -block |
| Electronic Configuration | 1s2 | [Ne] 3s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2 | 2, 8, 1 |
| Melting Point | 0 K | 370.87 K |
| Boiling Point | 4.22 K | 1156 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-59-7 | CAS7440-23-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Helium | Neighborhood Elements of Sodium |
History
| Parameter | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Helium was discovered by P. Janssen and N. Lockyer in year 1868 in Sweden and United Kingdom. Helium derived its name from the Greek word helios, meaning 'sun'. | The element Sodium was discovered by H. Davy in year 1807 in United Kingdom. Sodium derived its name from the English word soda (natrium in Latin). |
| Discovery | P. Janssen and N. Lockyer (1868) | H. Davy (1807) |
| Isolated | W. Ramsay,T. Cleve, and N. Langlet (1895) | H. Davy (1807) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 230000000 / 72000000 | 20000 / 1000 |
| Abundance in Sun | 230000000 / 74000000 | 40000 / 2000 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | - / - | 5600000 / 4800000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 5.5 / 30 | 23000000 / 21000000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0072 / 0.011 | 11050000 / 2970000 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | 1400000 / 380000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 22.4136 cm3/mol | 23.75 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 31 pm | 190 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 32 pm | 154 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 140 pm | 227 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 424.2, 424.2, 424.2 pm | 429.06, 429.06, 429.06 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 2 | 11 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 2 | 11 |
| Number of Protons | 2 | 11 |
| Mass Number | 4.002602 | 22.98977 |
| Number of Neutrons | 2 | 12 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2 | 2, 8, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s2 | [Ne] 3s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 1s2 | 3s1 |
| Oxidation State | - | 1 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 2S1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Helium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Sodium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 3He, 4He, 5He, 6He, 7He, 8He, 9He, 10He | 18Na, 19Na, 20Na, 21Na, 22Na, 23Na, 24Na, 25Na, 26Na, 27Na, 28Na, 29Na, 30Na, 31Na, 32Na, 33Na, 34Na, 35Na, 36Na, 37Na |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 3He, 4He | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 23Na |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.007 | 0.53 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00001 | 0.0007 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 0 | 1 |
| Electronegativity | - | 0.93 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | - | 1 |
| Electron Affinity | 0 kJ/mol | 52.8 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 2372.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 5250.5 kJ/mol | 1st: 495.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 4562 kJ/mol 3rd: 6910.3 kJ/mol 4th: 9543 kJ/mol 5th: 13354 kJ/mol 6th: 16613 kJ/mol 7th: 20117 kJ/mol 8th: 25496 kJ/mol 9th: 28932 kJ/mol 10th: 141362 kJ/mol 11th: 159076 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Helium (0.0001785 g/cm³) is less dense than Sodium (0.968 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Sodium will be heavier than the same volume of Helium. Sodium is about 542196.9 denser than Helium
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Gas | Solid |
| Color | Colorless | Silver |
| Density | 0.0001785 g/cm3 | 0.968 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | - | 0.927 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 22.4136 cm3/mol | 23.75 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 10 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 3.3 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - | 6.3 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 0.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 0.69 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.1513 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.000071 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | - | 21000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | - | 4.7e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -5.9e-9 m3/kg | 8.8e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.36e-11 m3/mol | 2e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.05e-9 | 0.0000085 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 1.000035 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 970 m/s | 3200 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 0 K | 370.87 K |
| Boiling Point | 4.22 K | 1156 K |
| Critical Temperature | 5.19 K | 2573 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 0.02 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 0.083 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Helium | Sodium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-59-7 | CAS7440-23-5 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSMH6520000 | RTECSVY0686000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 2.2 | 4.3 |
| DOT Numbers | 1963 | 1428 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 3 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 3 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | Water Reactive |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 115 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | 4 °C |
Compare Helium and Sodium With Other Elements
Compare Helium and Sodium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howHelium and Sodium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.
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